There is growing evidence that maternal nutritional status can alter the epigenetic state (stable alterations of gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modifications) of the fetal genome, which may provide a molecular mechanism for the role of maternal nutrition on fetal programming and genomic imprinting.
The results of both experimental and clinical studies indicate that Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as well as maintenance of vascular tone and hemodynamics and novel and effective therapies for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome.
It is shown that SRC-1 possesses intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity and that it also interacts with another HAT, p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), which could be a mechanism by which the activation functions of steroid receptors and associated coactivators enhance formation of a stable preinitiation complex, thereby increasing transcription of specific genes from transcriptionally repressed chromatin templates.
There is growing evidence that maternal nutritional status can alter the epigenetic state (stable alterations of gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modifications) of the fetal genome, which may provide a molecular mechanism for the impact of maternal nutrition on both fetal programming and genomic imprinting.
The findings suggest that future research should focus on factors that promotes placental and vascular growth and on fetomaternal interactions that promote placental attachment and villous formation.
That disruption of uterine development during critical organizational periods can alter the functional capacity and embryotrophic potential of the adult uterus reinforces the importance of understanding the developmental biology of uterusine glands.
Understanding of the cellular and molecular signals that regulate uterine receptivity and implantation can be used to diagnose and identify causes of recurrent pregnancy loss and to improve pregnancy outcome in domestic animals and humans.
There is compelling evidence that uterine receptivity to implantation involves temporal and cell-specific expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that have many roles including nutrient transport, cellular remodeling, angiogenesis and relaxation of vascular tissues, cell proliferation and migration, establishment of an antiviral state, and protection of conceptus tissues from challenges by the maternal immune cells.
Subsequently, sequential, overlapping actions of progesterone, IFN tau, placental lactogen (PL) and growth hormone (GH) comprise a hormonal servomechanism that regulates endometrial gland morphogenesis and terminal differentiated function to maintain pregnancy in sheep.
Dietary supplementation with 1% Gln maintains gut health and prevents intestinal dysfunction in low-birth-weight or early-weaned piglets while increasing their growth performance and survival, and enhances milk production by lactating sows.