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The Health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress : a report of the Surgeon General
The scientific evidence is incontrovertible: inhaling tobacco smoke, particularly from cigarettes, is deadly. Since the first Surgeon General’s Report in 1964, evidence has linked smoking to diseases…
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Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 2000-2004.
TLDR
The updated analysis indicated that, during 2000-2004, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke resulted in at least 443,000 premature deaths, approximately 5.1 million YPLL, and $96.8 billion in productivity losses annually in the United States.
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Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs, 2014
TLDR
Although the prevalence of cigarette smoking among youth decreased significantly from the late 1990s to 2003, the rate of decline has slowed in recent years, and several factors may have contributed, including smaller annual increases in the retail price of cigarettes, decreased exposure among youth to effective mass media tobacco control campaigns, and less funding for comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs.
Predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of adult smokers followed for five years.
TLDR
Despite the fact that most smokers expressed a strong desire to stop smoking in 1988, the majority, especially the most dependent heavy smokers (>25 cigarettes/day), struggled unsuccessfully to achieve this goal.
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Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991.
TLDR
This study provides the first evidence from a national study that serum cotinine levels are higher among black smokers than among white or Mexican American smokers, and may help explain why blacks find it harder to quit and are more likely to experience higher rates of lung cancer than white smokers.
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Trends in the Exposure of Nonsmokers in the U.S. Population to Secondhand Smoke: 1988–2002
TLDR
The findings suggest that recent public health efforts to reduce such exposures have had an important effect, although children and non-Hispanic black nonsmokers show relatively higher levels of serum cotinine.
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Response by adults to increases in cigarette prices by sociodemographic characteristics
TLDR
Women, adults with income at or below the median income, young adults, African-Americans, and Hispanics are most responsive to cigarette price increases.
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Annual healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking: an update.
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Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition…
TLDR
Evidence is provided that self-reported smoking status among adult respondents to a population-based survey conducted in a private medical setting is accurate and differences in smoking patterns, including the extent of nicotine dosing, may explain most of the discrepancy observed among self- reported smokers.
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The impact of tobacco control programs on adult smoking.
TLDR
State tobacco control program expenditures are independently associated with overall reductions in adult smoking prevalence, and program expenditures were more effective in reducing smoking prevalence among adults aged 25 or older than for adults aged 18 to 24 years.
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