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How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine.

Humans and other mammals are colonized by a vast, complex, and dynamic consortium of microorganisms. One evolutionary driving force for maintaining this metabolically active microbial society is to…
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Differences in Fecal Microbiota in Different European Study Populations in Relation to Age, Gender, and Country: a Cross-Sectional Study

TLDR
Age-related differences in the microbiota makeup were detected but differed between the study populations from the four countries, each showing a characteristic colonization pattern.
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A Model of Host-Microbial Interactions in an Open Mammalian Ecosystem

TLDR
Comparison of conventionally housed and germ-free NMRI mice revealed that production of fucosylated glycoconjugates and an α1,2-fucOSyltransferase messenger RNA in the small-intestinal epithelium requires the normal microflora.
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A molecular sensor that allows a gut commensal to control its nutrient foundation in a competitive ecosystem.

TLDR
A gnotobiotic mouse model is used to show that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a component of the intestinal microflora of mice and humans, uses a repressor, FucR, as a molecular sensor of L-fucose availability.
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Creating and Maintaining the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem: What We Know and Need To Know from Gnotobiology

TLDR
This review focuses on how gnotobiotics—the study of germ-free animals—has been and needs to be used to examine how the gastrointestinal ecosystem is created and maintained.
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Manipulating the gut microbiota to maintain health and treat disease

TLDR
Improved knowledge on the specific role of gut microbiota in prevention and treatment of disease will help more targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Paneth cell differentiation in the developing intestine of normal and transgenic mice.

TLDR
This lineage emerges coincident with cytodifferentiation of the fetal small intestinal endoderm, formation of crypts from an intervillus epithelium, and establishment of a stem-cell hierarchy, and is not dependent upon instructive interactions from the microflora.
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Short-chain fatty acids in germfree mice and rats.

TLDR
Germfree animals have low, but measurable, concentrations of SCFAs in intestinal content compared to conventional animals, most probably these acids originate mainly from the diet.
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Antimicrobial resistance in urinary bacterial isolates from pregnant women in rural Tanzania: Implications for public health

TLDR
Antimicrobial susceptibility prevails in urinary isolates of E. coli and enterococci from rural areas of northern Tanzania and data from both rural and urban areas should be taken into account when planning antibiotic policies.
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Penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics

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