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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway
TLDR
It was found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.
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Blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme induces potent regulatory T cells and modulates TH1- and TH17-mediated autoimmunity
TLDR
It is observed that RAAS is up-regulated in brain lesions of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and modulation of the RAAS with inexpensive, safe pharmaceuticals used by millions worldwide is an attractive therapeutic strategy for application to human autoimmune diseases.
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Toll‐Like Receptor Engagement Enhances the Immunosuppressive Properties of Human Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inducing Indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase‐1 via Interferon‐β and Protein…
TLDR
A new role for TLR is defined in MSC immunobiology, which is to augment the immunosuppressive properties of MSC in the absence of IFN‐γ rather than inducing proinflammatory immune response pathways.
View on Wiley
Angiotensin II sustains brain inflammation in mice via TGF-beta.
TLDR
Ang II is identified as a paracrine mediator, sustaining inflammation in the CNS in the EAE mouse model of MS via TGF-beta, suggesting that AT1R antagonists, frequently prescribed as antihypertensives, may be useful to interrupt this proinflammatory, CNS-specific pathway in individuals with MS.
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Immature mesenchymal stem cell-like pericytes as mediators of immunosuppression in human malignant glioma
View on Elsevier
Tryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO) deficiency is associated with subclinical neuroprotection in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
TLDR
The data suggest that spatially distinct neuroprotection is conserved in mammals and support TDO as a potential target for treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration.
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Clonally Expanded B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM.
TLDR
High-affinity molecular mimicry between the EBV transcription factor EBNA1 and the CNS protein GlialCAM is demonstrated, providing a mechanistic link for the association between MS and EBV, and could guide the development of novel MS therapies.
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Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology
TLDR
It is shown that dietary tryptophan restriction (DTR) protects mice from subsequent autoimmune neuropathology challenge by altering intestinal microbiota, highlighting the potential of diet-regulated microbiota to prevent immune pathology.
View on Springer
Mouse mesenchymal stem cells suppress antigen-specific TH cell immunity independent of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1).
TLDR
It is demonstrated that although IDO1 is inducible in bone marrow-derived mMSC by proinflammatory stimuli such as interferon-g (IFN-g) and ligands of toll-like receptors (TLR), it does not lead to catabolism of trp in vitro.
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Protein kinase Cβ as a therapeutic target stabilizing blood–brain barrier disruption in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
TLDR
The involvement of endothelial protein kinase Cβ in stabilizing the BBB in autoimmune neuroinflammation is suggested and implies a therapeutic potential of BBB-targeting agents such as LY-317615 as therapeutic approaches for MS.
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