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Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems
TLDR
The results of this immunohistochemical study suggest that hypocretins are likely to have a role in physiological functions in addition to food intake such as regulation of blood pressure, the neuroendocrine system, body temperature, and the sleep–waking cycle.
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The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity.
TLDR
A hypothalamus-specific mRNA is described that encodes preprohypocretin, the putative precursor of a pair of peptides that share substantial amino acid identities with the gut hormone secretin, suggesting that the hypocretins function within the CNS as neurotransmitters.
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Hypocretin (orexin) activation and synaptic innervation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system
TLDR
The present results provide evidence for direct action of hypothalamic hypocretin cells on the LC noradrenergic system in rats and monkeys and suggest a signaling pathway via which signals acting on the lateral hypothalamus may influence the activity of the LC and thereby a variety of CNSfunctions related to noradRenergic innervation.
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Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Actions and Modulation of Neuroendocrine Neurons by a New Hypothalamic Peptide, Hypocretin/Orexin
TLDR
It is found that this peptide also regulates the synaptic activity of physiologically identified neuroendocrine neurons studied in hypothalamic slices containing the arcuate nucleus, suggesting a second function of hypocretin in hormone regulation.
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The hypocretin/orexin ligand–receptor system: implications for sleep and sleep disorders
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A new perspective for schizophrenia: TAAR1 agonists reveal antipsychotic- and antidepressant-like activity, improve cognition and control body weight
TLDR
TAAR1 agonists may provide a novel and differentiated treatment of schizophrenia as compared with current medication standards, and may improve not only the positive symptoms but also the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, without causing adverse effects such as motor impairments or weight gain.
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Interaction between the Corticotropin-Releasing Factor System and Hypocretins (Orexins): A Novel Circuit Mediating Stress Response
TLDR
It is proposed that, after stressor stimuli, CRF stimulates the release of hypocretins and that this circuit contributes to activation and maintenance of arousal associated with the stress response.
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Optogenetic Manipulation of Activity and Temporally Controlled Cell-Specific Ablation Reveal a Role for MCH Neurons in Sleep/Wake Regulation
TLDR
It is indicated that acute activation of MCH neurons is sufficient, but not necessary, to trigger the transition from NREM to REM sleep and that M CH neurons also play a role in the initiation and maintenance of NREM sleep.
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Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce Narcoleptic-Like Sleep Behavior in the Rat
TLDR
Damage to the LH that also causes a substantial loss of Hcrt neurons is likely to produce the multiple sleep disturbances that occur in narcolepsy, indicating specificity of the toxin in vivo.
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Activation of cortical interneurons during sleep: an anatomical link to homeostatic sleep regulation?
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