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Microglia, major player in the brain inflammation: their roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
TLDR
This recent study demonstrated that activated microglia phagocytose not only damaged cell debris but also neighboring intact cells, which further supports their active participation in self-perpetuating neuronal damaging cycles.
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Transneuronal regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in olfactory bulb of mouse and rat
TLDR
The demonstration that following reinnervation, catecholamine synthetic capacity is restored suggests that the juxtaglomerular dopamine neurons remain in the bulb and that afferent receptor input is required for expression of TH enzyme.
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Tonic vasomotor control by the rostral ventrolateral medulla: effect of electrical or chemical stimulation of the area containing C1 adrenaline neurons on arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma…
TLDR
Neurons within the RVL, most probably C1 adrenaline- synthesizing neurons, exert an excitatory influence on sympathetic vasomotor fibers, the adrenal medulla, and the posterior pituitary, as well as under tonic inhibitory control, in part via GABAergic mechanisms.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-3: A Novel Signaling Proteinase from Apoptotic Neuronal Cells That Activates Microglia
TLDR
The results strongly suggest that the distinctive signal of neuronal apoptosis is the release of active form of MMP-3 that activates microglia and subsequently exacerbates neuronal degeneration in degenerative human brain disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Serotonin axon terminals in the ventral tegmental area of the rat: fine structure and synaptic input to dopaminergic neurons
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Chemical and structural analysis of the relation between cortical inputs and tyrosine hydroxylase-containing terminals in rat neostriatum
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Transglutaminase 2 Induces Nuclear Factor-κB Activation via a Novel Pathway in BV-2 Microglia*
TLDR
It is found that TGase 2 activates the transcriptional activator nuclear factor (NF)-κB and thereby enhances LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and prevents depletion of monomeric I-κBα in the cytosol of cells overexpressingTGase 2.
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Rostral ventrolateral medulla: Selective projections to the thoracic autonomic cell column from the region containing C1 adrenaline neurons
Anterograde, retrograde, and combined axonal transport methods were used to describe the descending efferent projections of a region of rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation important…
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Neuropathology of immunohistochemically identified brainstem neurons in Parkinson's disease
TLDR
Lewy bodies were present in immunohistochemically identified neurons in many of these regions, indicating that they were affected directly by the disease process, and help account for the diversity of motor, cognitive, and autonomic manifestations of Parkinson''s disease.
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5' upstream DNA sequence of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene directs high-level and tissue-specific expression to catecholaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of transgenic mice.
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