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Cue strength as a moderator of the testing effect: the benefits of elaborative retrieval.
  • Shana K. Carpenter
  • Psychology
    Journal of experimental psychology. Learning…
  • 1 November 2009
TLDR
Results indicate that the activation of elaborative information-which would occur to a greater extent during testing than restudying--may be one mechanism that underlies the testing effect.
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Semantic information activated during retrieval contributes to later retention: Support for the mediator effectiveness hypothesis of the testing effect.
TLDR
Those who learned cue-target pairs through testing and were later tested on these items were more likely to recall the correct target from the semantic mediator on a final cued recall test and demonstrate that semantically related information may be 1 type of natural mediator that is activated during testing.
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Impoverished cue support enhances subsequent retention: Support for the elaborative retrieval explanation of the testing effect
TLDR
It is suggested that an intervening test may be most beneficial to final retention when it provides more potential for elaborative processing.
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Application of the Testing and Spacing Effects to Name Learning
SUMMARY Four experiments investigated the effects of testing and spacing on the learning of face-name stimulus-response pairs. Experiments 1a and 1b compared the recall of names following intervening…
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Testing Enhances the Transfer of Learning
Many studies have shown that retrieving information during a test facilitates later memory for that information. Most research on this testing effect has focused on retention of information measured…
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Using tests to enhance 8th grade students' retention of U.S. history facts
Laboratory studies show that retention of information can be powerfully enhanced through testing, but evidence for their utility to promote long-term retention of course information is limited. We…
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Are pictures good for learning new vocabulary in a foreign language? Only if you think they are not.
TLDR
It appears, therefore, that pictures can facilitate learning of foreign language vocabulary--as long as participants are not too overconfident in the power of a picture to help them learn a new word.
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The effects of tests on learning and forgetting
TLDR
In three experiments, it is investigated whether memory tests enhance learning and reduce forgetting more than additional study opportunities do and whether testing enhanced overall recall more than restudying did.
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Testing beyond words: Using tests to enhance visuospatial map learning
TLDR
The results suggest that the testing effect is not limited to the types of memory that require discrete, verbal responses, and that utilizing covert retrievals may allow the effect to be extended to a variety of complex, nonverbal learning tasks.
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Using Spacing to Enhance Diverse Forms of Learning: Review of Recent Research and Implications for Instruction
Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information. The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years in research on…
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