Selective macro-autophagy is an intracellular process by which large cytoplasmic materials are selectively sequestered and degraded in the lysosomes. Substrate selection is mediated by ubiquitylation… (More)
In spite of their having sufficient immunogenicity, tumor vaccines remain largely ineffective. The mechanisms underlying this lack of efficacy are still unclear. Here we report a previously… (More)
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on experimental retinal neovascularization.
METHODS
The ability of the TZDs troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate (1-20 micromol/L)… (More)
OBJECTIVES
Osteopontin (OPN) is upregulated in left ventricular hypertrophy and is stimulated by angiotensin II (AngII). Our objective was to determine whether mice deficient in OPN would be… (More)
Detection of non-self RNA by TLRs within endosomes and by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases in the cytosol is central to mammalian antiviral immunity. In this study, we used… (More)
PIK3CA upregulation, amplification and mutation have been widely reported in ovarian cancers and other tumors, which strongly suggests that PIK3CA is a promising therapeutic target. However, to date… (More)
1. We have previously found that human chymase cleaves big endothelins (ETs) at the Tyr31-Gly32 bond and produces 31-amino acid ETs (1-31), without any further degradation products. In this study, we… (More)
Thermoregulatory neurons in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (POA) form synaptic networks, which affect responses that regulate body temperature. To characterize these pathways of… (More)
The bone microenvironment and its modification by cancer and host cell interactions is a key driver of skeletal metastatic growth. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates receptor activator of NF-κB ligand… (More)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
M2-type pyruvate kinase (M2PK) was found to interact directly with the 'ITAM' region of the gamma chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcvarepsilonRI). Our hypothesis was… (More)