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Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
TLDR
The data gathered on the animal coronaviruses continue to be helpful in understanding SARS-CoV, and the progress in vaccine development and antiviral therapies is discussed.
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Coronavirus Pathogenesis
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Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59
TLDR
A novel method was developed to assemble a full-length infectious cDNA of the group II coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59, which has the potential to be used to construct viral, microbial, or eukaryotic genomes approaching several million base pairs in length and used to insert restriction sites at any given nucleotide in a microbial genome.
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The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients
TLDR
Results, which reveal the early kinetics of Sars-CoV-2 antibody responses, support using the RBD antigen in serological diagnostic assays and RBD-specific antibody levels as a correlate of SARS-Co V-2 neutralizing antibodies in people.
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Murine Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Recognized by MDA5 and Induces Type I Interferon in Brain Macrophages/Microglia
TLDR
Interestingly, MHV induced IFN-β in the brains and livers, two main targets of MHV replication, of infected wild-type mice, and MDA5, a PRR thought to recognize primarily picornaviruses, was required for recognition ofMHV.
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Endosomal Proteolysis by Cathepsins Is Necessary for Murine Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Type 2 Spike-Mediated Entry
TLDR
It is demonstrated that endosomal proteolysis by cathepsins is necessary for MHV-2 spike-mediated entry, similar to the entry pathway recently described for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and indicates that coronaviruses may use multiple pathways for entry.
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MurineHepatitis Virus Strain 1 Produces a Clinically Relevant Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in A/J Mice
TLDR
A potentially useful small animal model of human SARS is described, its pathogenesis is defined, and treatment strategies are suggested.
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The primary structure and expression of the second open reading frame of the polymerase gene of the coronavirus MHV-A59; a highly conserved polymerase is expressed by an efficient ribosomal…
TLDR
Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of MHV ORF1b with the amino Acid sequence deduced from the corresponding gene of the avian coronavirus IBV demonstrated that in contrast to the other viral genes this ORF is extremely conserved.
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Characterization of a second cleavage site and demonstration of activity in trans by the papain-like proteinase of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59
TLDR
Microsequencing analysis of the radiolabeled downstream cleavage product and deletion mutagenesis analysis were used to identify the scissile bond of the second cleavage site to between Ala832 and Gly833, suggesting a greater role by the PLP-1 in the processing of the replicase locus in vivo.
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