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Foxo Transcription Factors Induce the Atrophy-Related Ubiquitin Ligase Atrogin-1 and Cause Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
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Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles.
Mammalian skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types, whose identity is first established during embryonic development by intrinsic myogenic control mechanisms and is later modulated by neural…
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FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo.
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FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells.
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Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: gene regulation and functional significance.
TLDR
The pattern of isogene expression varies during muscle development in relation to the different origin of myogenic cells and primary/secondary fiber generations and is affected by neural and hormonal influences.
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Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy
TLDR
Two major protein degradation pathways, the proteasomal and the autophagic–lysosomal pathways, are activated during muscle atrophy and variably contribute to the loss of muscle mass.
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Three myosin heavy chain isoforms in type 2 skeletal muscle fibres
TLDR
The existence of the 2X-MHC isoform was confirmed by immunoblotting analysis using muscles containing 2X fibres as a major component, such as the normal and hyperthyroid diaphragm, and the soleus muscle after high frequency chronic stimulation.
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Myosin isoforms in mammalian skeletal muscle.
Skeletal muscles of different mammalian species contain four major myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoforms: the "slow" or beta-MHC and the three "fast" IIa-, IIx-, and IIb-MHCs; and three major myosin…
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Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass.
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Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models
TLDR
The composition and function of this pathway in skeletal muscle fibers is reviewed by using evidence obtained in vivo by transgenic and knockout models and by muscle transient transfection experiments to design molecularly targeted therapeutics aimed at preventing muscle wasting.
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