The cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear protein that modulates the transcription of genes with cAMP responsive elements in their promoters. Increases in the concentration of… (More)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage pathways from the rat brain were investigated by the injection of 50 microliters Indian ink into the cisterna magna. The distribution of the ink, as it escaped from… (More)
Pathways for drainage of interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid from the rat brain were investigated by the injection of 2–5 μl Indian ink into cerebral white and grey matter and into the… (More)
The mechanics of blood flow in microvessels and microvessel permeability are reviewed. In the first part, characteristics of blood flow in vivo and in vitro are described from a fluid-mechanical… (More)
Evidence from Aplysia, Drosophila, mice, and rats indicates that the CREB (cAMP/Ca2+ responsive element binding protein) family of transcription factors is critical for long-term memory. Recent… (More)
The structure of human arachnoid villi was investigated by light and electron microscopy with the aid of immunohistochemical techniques. The human arachnoid villi examined were basically composed of… (More)
Methods to temporally and spatially regulate gene mutations will provide a powerful strategy to investigate gene function in the brain. To develop these methods, we have established a tightly… (More)
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) has been implicated in the sequence of events leading to neuronal cell death. We have used an ultrasensitive, highly specific immunometric assay for rat IL-1beta to… (More)
Recent physiological and anatomical studies have demonstrated that a major fraction of brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid drains into cervical lymph nodes (CLN) in a number of experimental… (More)
The characteristics of flow structures around a colony-type emergent roughness model, hereafter called ‘colony model’, mounted on a flat plate in uniform flow and the drag coefficient Cdc for the… (More)