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Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous modulator of leukocyte‐mediated inflammation

TLDR
Results suggest that endogenous H2S is an important mediator of acute inflammation, acting at the leukocyte‐endothelium interface, and have important implications for anti‐inflammatory drug development.
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Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide generation contributes to gastric injury caused by anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs.

TLDR
These data establish a physiologic role for H(2)S in regulating the gastric microcirculation and identify CSE as a novel target for ASA/NSAIDs.
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The Bile Acid Receptor FXR Is a Modulator of Intestinal Innate Immunity1

TLDR
It is demonstrated that FXR is expressed by and exerts counterregulatory effects on cells of innate immunity and regulates inflammation in animal models of colitis, and that in vivo treatment with INT-747 attenuates organ injury and immune cell activation.
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Bile Acid-Activated Receptors, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders.

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6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA), a potent and selective FXR agonist endowed with anticholestatic activity.

TLDR
6alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA) was shown to be a very potent and selective FXR agonist and to be endowed with anticholeretic activity in an in vivo rat model of cholestasis.
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The nuclear receptor SHP mediates inhibition of hepatic stellate cells by FXR and protects against liver fibrosis.

TLDR
It is established that FXR ligands might represent a novel therapeutic option to treat liver fibrosis and that SHP binds JunD and inhibits DNA binding of adaptor protein (AP)-1 induced by thrombin.
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Bile Acids Activated Receptors Regulate Innate Immunity

TLDR
How GPBAR1 and FXR modulate the intestinal and liver innate immune system and contribute to the maintenance of a tolerogenic phenotype in entero-hepatic tissues is reviewed and how regulation of innate immunity might help to explain beneficial effects exerted by GPB BAR1 andFXR ligands in immune and metabolic disorders is reviewed.
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The emerging roles of hydrogen sulfide in the gastrointestinal tract and liver.

TLDR
Evidence has accumulated to suggest important roles for hydrogen sulfide as a mediator of several aspects of gastrointestinal and liver function, and inhibitors of hydrogen sulfides synthesis and drugs that can generate safe levels in vivo have been developed and are permitting interventional studies in experimental models and, in the near future, humans.
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Galectin‐1 exerts immunomodulatory and protective effects on concanavalin a–induced hepatitis in mice

TLDR
The present study suggests that galectin‐1 is potentially useful in the treatment of T‐cell–mediated human liver disorders and pretreatment dose‐dependently prevented both liver injury and T‐helper cell liver infiltration induced by Con A.
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Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies.

TLDR
Modulation of gut microbiota represents a new strategy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and probiotics appear an attractive option in terms of both efficacy and safety, while prebiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics still need confirmation.
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