The Urban Ecology of Bias Crime: A Study of Disorganized and Defended Neighborhoods
- Ryken Grattet
- Law, Psychology
- 1 February 2009
This article examines the neighborhood characteristics that affect bias crime and compares bias crime to other kinds of criminal offending. Two frequently asserted arguments are tested. The first…
THE HOMOGENIZATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HATE CRIME LAW IN THE UNITED STATES, 1978 TO 1995: INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION IN THE CRIMINALIZATION OF BIGOTRY *
- Ryken Grattet, V. Jenness, Theodore R. Curry
- Law
- 1 April 1998
We view criminalization as a process of institutionalization that involves the diffusion of legal forms and practices. Conventional approaches to criminalization have been dominated by historical…
Document Title: Parole Violations and Revocations in California
- Ryken Grattet, J. Petersilia, Jeffrey Lin
- Political Science
- 2008
Making Hate a Crime: From Social Movement to Law Enforcement
- V. Jenness, Ryken Grattet
- Law
- 15 August 2001
The Birth and Maturation of Hate Crime Policy in the United States
- Ryken Grattet, V. Jenness
- Law
- 1 December 2001
To comprehend the contemporary significance of hate crime, it is necessary to understand how the concept emerged and gained acceptance, as well as how its meaning has been transformed over time and…
The Law-In-Between: The Effects of Organizational Perviousness on the Policing of Hate Crime
- V. Jenness, Ryken Grattet
- Law, Business
- 1 August 2005
This article examines the characteristics of law enforcement agencies and their environments that affect the process by which local organizations create and promote operational understandings of law…
Parole Violations and Revocations in California: Analysis and Suggestions for Action
- Ryken Grattet, J. Petersilia, Hee-Jong Joo
- Law, Sociology
- 2015
THE DEBATE ABOUT the costs and benefits of imprisonment is taking place all across the United States, but the stakes are highest in California. California’s 173,000 prisoners constitute the largest…
Examining the Boundaries of Hate Crime Law: Disabilities and the "Dilemma of Difference"
- Ryken Grattet, V. Jenness
- Law
- 22 March 2001
The Reconstitution of Law in Local Settings: Agency Discretion, Ambiguity, and a Surplus of Law in the Policing of Hate Crime
- Ryken Grattet, V. Jenness
- Law
- 1 December 2005
An important yet poorly understood function of law enforcement organizations is the role they play in distilling and transmitting the meaning of legal rules to frontline law enforcement officers and…
Judicial rhetoric, meaning-making, and the institutionalization of hate crime law
- Scott Phillips, Ryken Grattet
- Law
- 2000
In this article we examine how the concept of hate crime has been transformed in judicial discourse from a broad ambiguous category, which generated substantial controversy and opposition, to a…
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