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Language modeling is the attempt to characterize, capture and exploit regularities in natural language. In statistical language modeling, large amounts of text are used to automatically determine the… (More)
When documents are organized in a large number of topic categories, the categories are often arranged in a hierarchy. The U.S. patent database and Yahoo are two examples. This paper shows that the… (More)
- Philip Clarkson, Ronald Rosenfeld
- EUROSPEECH
- 1997
The CMU Statistical Language Modeling toolkit was released in 1994 in order to facilitate the construction and testing of bigram and trigram language models. It is currently in use in over 40… (More)
- Ronald Rosenfeld
- 1996
An adaptive statistical languagemodel is described,which successfully integrates long distance linguistic information with other knowledge sources. Most existing statistical language models exploit… (More)
In certain contexts, maximum entropy (ME) modeling can be viewed as maximum likelihood training for exponential models, and like other maximum likelihood methods is prone to over tting of training… (More)
- Xuedong Huang, Fil Alleva, Hsiao-Wuen Hon, Mei-Yuh Hwang, Kai-Fu Lee, Ronald Rosenfeld
- Computer Speech & Language
- 1993
In order for speech recognizers to deal with increased task perplexity, speaker variation, and environment variation, improved speech recognition is critical. Steady progress has been made along… (More)
- Stanley F. Chen, Ronald Rosenfeld
- IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing
- 2000
In certain contexts, maximum entropy (ME) modeling can be viewed as maximum likelihood (ML) training for exponential models, and like other ML methods is prone to overfitting of training data.… (More)
- Kristie Seymore, Ronald Rosenfeld
- ICSLP
- 1996
When a trigram backoff language model is created from a large body of text, trigrams and bigrams that occur few times in the training text are often excluded from the model in order to decrease the… (More)
- Jeffrey Nichols, Brad A. Myers, +4 authors Mathilde Pignol
- UIST
- 2002
The <i>personal universal controller</i> (PUC) is an approach for improving the interfaces to complex appliances by introducing an intermediary graphical or speech interface. A PUC engages in two-way… (More)
- Ronald Rosenfeld
- Computer Speech & Language
- 1996
An adaptive statistical language model is described, which successfully integrates long distance linguistic information with other knowledge sources. Most existing statistical language models exploit… (More)