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The demography and population genomics of evolutionary transitions to self-fertilization in plants
TLDR
The simulation results cast doubt on whether it is possible to infer the role of bottlenecks associated with reproductive assurance in the evolution of selfing, and indicate that the effects of background selection on the loss of diversity and efficacy of selection occur rapidly following the shift to high selfing.
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Pollen-specific, but not sperm-specific, genes show stronger purifying selection and higher rates of positive selection than sporophytic genes in Capsella grandiflora.
TLDR
It is found that pollen-exclusive genes had a larger fraction of sites under strong purifying selection, a greater proportion of adaptive substitutions, and faster protein evolution compared with seedling- exclusive genes, and the relaxation of selection in sperm might be due to the reduced influence of intrasexual competition, but reduced gene expression may also be playing an important role.
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Hybrid origins and the earliest stages of diploidization in the highly successful recent polyploid Capsella bursa-pastoris
TLDR
The results suggest that the earliest stages of diploidization are associated with quantitative genome-wide decreases in the strength and efficacy of selection rather than rapid gene loss, and that nonfunctionalization can receive a “head start” through a legacy of deleterious variants and differential expression originating in parental diploids populations.
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The Evolution of Selfing Is Accompanied by Reduced Efficacy of Selection and Purging of Deleterious Mutations
TLDR
It is found that the transition to selfing was accompanied by a change in the DFE, with a larger fraction of effectively neutral sites (Nes < 1), a result consistent with the effects of reduced Ne in selfing, and an increased proportion of sites in selfers were under strong purifying selection.
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Virus evolution in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila
TLDR
It is concluded that Wolbachia did cause an evolutionary response in viruses, but this has little or no impact on the effectiveness of virus blocking.
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Recent mating-system evolution in Eichhornia is accompanied by cis-regulatory divergence.
TLDR
The results suggest that the transition from outcrossing to high rates of self-fertilization may have the potential to shape the cis-regulatory genomic landscape of angiosperm species, but that the changes in ASE may be moderate, particularly during the early stages of this transition.
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Constitutive activation of cellular immunity underlies the evolution of resistance to infection in Drosophila
TLDR
Using single-cell RNA sequencing, it is found that immune-inducible genes had become constitutively upregulated, the result of resistant larvae differentiating precursors of specialized immune cells called lamellocytes that were previously only produced after infection.
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The genetic architecture of tristyly and its breakdown to self‐fertilization
TLDR
It is demonstrated that transitions to selfing have originated by independent sets of mating‐system modifier genes unlinked to the M locus, a pattern inconsistent with a recombinational origin of selfing variants at a putative supergene.
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Constitutive activation of cellular immunity underlies the evolution of resistance to infection
TLDR
Using single-cell RNA sequencing, it is found that immune-inducible genes had become constitutively upregulated, the result of resistant larvae differentiating precursors of specialized immune cells called lamellocytes that were previously only produced after infection.
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Recognition of non-self is necessary to activate Drosophila’s immune response against an insect parasite
TLDR
It is concluded that a combination of danger signals and PAMPs are required activate Drosophila’s immune response against parasitic insects.
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