Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals
- A. Aguinaldo, J. M. Turbeville, J. Lake
- BiologyNature
- 29 May 1997
The results suggest that ecdysis (moulting) arose once and support the idea of a new clade, Ecdysozoa, containing moulting animals: arthropods, tardigrades, onychophorans, nematodes, Nematomorphs, kinor-hynchs and priapulids.
Understanding Evolution: The Next Step. (Book Reviews: The Shape of Life. Genes, Development, and the Evolution of Animal Form.)
- R. Raff
- Biology
- 15 June 1996
In "The Shape of Life", Raff analyzes the rise of this experimental discipline and lays out research questions, hypotheses and approaches to guide its development.
The Shape of Life
- R. Raff
- Chemistry
- 1987
Aldehydes are obtained from aryl, vinylic and heterocyclic halides and substituted derivatives thereof, a tertiary amine, carbon monoxide and hydrogen at from about 50 DEG -175 DEG C under from about…
Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology.
- S. Gilbert, J. Opitz, R. Raff
- BiologyDevelopmental Biology
- 1 February 1996
A new and more robust evolutionary synthesis is emerging that attempts to explain macroevolution as well as microevolutionary events, and the morphogenetic field is seen as a major unit of ontogeny whose changes bring about changes in evolution.
Molecular phylogeny of the animal kingdom.
- K. G. Field, G. Olsen, R. Raff
- BiologyScience
- 12 February 1988
A rapid sequencing method for ribosomal RNA was applied to the resolution of evolutionary relationships among Metazoa, finding that coelomates radiated rapidly into four groups: chordates, echinoderms, arthropods, and eucoelomate protostomes.
Dollo's law and the death and resurrection of genes.
- C. Marshall, E. Raff, R. Raff
- BiologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
- 6 December 1994
Using empirical data to assess the rate of loss of coding information in genes for proteins with varying degrees of tolerance to mutational change, it is shown that there is a significant probability over evolutionary time scales of 0.5-6 million years for successful reactivation of silenced genes or "lost" developmental programs.
Deuterostome phylogeny and the sister group of the chordates: evidence from molecules and morphology.
- J. M. Turbeville, J. Schulz, R. Raff
- BiologyMolecular biology and evolution
- 1 July 1994
The results illustrate both the limitations of the 18S rRNA molecule alone for high-level phylogeny inference and the importance of considering both molecular and morphological data in phylogeny reconstruction.
Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins.
- R. Raff
- BiologyDevelopmental Biology
- 1987
Developmental genetics and traditional homology.
It is argued that although developmental genetic data can help identify homologous structures, they are neither necessary nor sufficient, and do not in any case justify a new definition of homology.
Expression of the vitellogenin gene in female and male sea urchin.
- A. Shyu, R. Raff, T. Blumenthal
- BiologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
- 1 June 1986
The results suggest that vitellogenin may serve the following two functions in sea urchins: its classical role as a yolk protein precursor and an unidentified function required by adults of both sexes.
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