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Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder
TLDR
This Review attempts to present the current state of understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder on the basis of psychophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging, and endocrinological, genetic and molecular biological studies in humans and in animal models.
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Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
TLDR
In monozygotic twins discordant for trauma exposure, it is found evidence that smaller hippocampi indeed constitute a risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology.
View on Nature
Recall of Fear Extinction in Humans Activates the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Concert
View on Elsevier
Neurobiological Basis of Failure to Recall Extinction Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
View on Elsevier
Amygdala, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampal Function in PTSD
TLDR
Neuroimaging research reveals heightened amygdala responsivity in PTSD during symptomatic states and during the processing of trauma‐unrelated affective information and suggests diminished volumes, neuronal integrity, and functional integrity of the hippocampus in PTSD.
View on Wiley
Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma.
TLDR
Major depression and PTSD are independent sequelae of traumatic events, have similar prognoses, and interact to increase distress and dysfunction and both should be targeted by early treatment interventions and by neurobiological research.
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Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI study
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De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.
TLDR
Differential conditioning was assessed in 15 medication-free individuals meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and 18 trauma-exposed individuals who never developed PTSD (non-PTSD).
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A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder.
TLDR
These results provide evidence for exaggerated amygdala responsivity, diminished medial prefrontal cortexresponsivity, and a reciprocal relationship between these 2 regions during passive viewing of overtly presented affective stimuli unrelated to trauma in PTSD.
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Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD.
TLDR
A reciprocal relationship between medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala function in PTSD and opposing associations between activity in these regions and symptom severity consistent with current functional neuroanatomic models of this disorder are suggested.
View on PubMed
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