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Absorption, metabolism, and transport of carotenoids

  • R. Parker
  • Biology, Chemistry
    The FASEB Journal
  • 1 April 1996
Improved knowledge of the metabolic fate of carotenoids will assist in the development and testing of hypotheses regarding their potential to influence biological processes in the human and help to modulate chronic disease risk and prevent vitamin A deficiency.
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Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of vitamin E status.

A pathway involving cytochrome P450-mediated omega-hydroxylation of the tocopherol phytyl side chain followed by stepwise removal of two- or three-carbon moieties, ultimately yielding the 3'-carboxychromanol metabolite that is excreted in urine is described.
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Maternally derived carotenoid pigments affect offspring survival, sex ratio, and sexual attractiveness in a colorful songbird

It is shown that the colorful carotenoid pigments that female zebra finches deposit into egg yolks influence embryonic and nestling survival, the sex ratio of fledged offspring, and the eventual ornamental coloration displayed by their offspring as adults.
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Cytochrome P4503A-dependent metabolism of tocopherols and inhibition by sesamin.

A CYP3A-dependent mechanism of side chain metabolism of tocopherols to water-soluble carboxychromans is supported, and the first evidence of a specific enzyme involved in vitamin E metabolism is provided.
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Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omega-oxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase.

Results indicate that CYP4F2-mediated tocopherol-omega-hydroxylation is a central feature underlying the different biological half-lives, and therefore biopotencies, of the toCopherols and tocotrienols.
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Elytra color as a signal of chemical defense in the Asian ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis

It is found that carotenoid pigments largely controlled variation in red elytra coloration, and females with lighter black spots had greater amounts of harmonine than those with darker spots, suggesting that elyTra color patterns have the potential to reveal information about chemical defensiveness to mates or predators.
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The physiological costs of being colourful: nutritional control of carotenoid utilization in the American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis

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Urinary excretion of 2,7, 8-trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of gamma-tocopherol in humans.

Catabolism of gamma-tocopherol to gamma-CEHC, followed by glucuronide conjugation and urinary excretion, is a major pathway for elimination of Gamma-ocopherol in humans.
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Bioavailability of carotenoids in human subjects

The currently available data suggest that oil solutions of carotenoids are more bioavailable than those from food matrices, and heating can improve the bioavailability of carOTenoids from some food products.
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Anhydrolutein in the zebra finch: a new, metabolically derived carotenoid in birds.

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