The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis.
- J. T. Stern, R. L. Susman
- BiologyAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology
- 1 March 1983
It is demonstrated that A. afarensis possessed anatomic characteristics that indicate a significant adaptation for movement in the trees, and it is speculated that earlier representatives of the A.Afarensis lineage will present not a combination of arboreal and bipedal traits, but rather the anatomy of a generalized ape.
Arboreality and bipedality in the Hadar hominids.
- R. L. Susman, J. T. Stern, W. Jungers
- Environmental ScienceFolia primatologica; international journal of…
- 1984
Consideration of the ecology at Hadar, in conjunction with modern primate models, supports the notion of arboredality in these earliest australopithecines and provides additional evidence on limb and pedal proportions and on the functional anatomy of the hip, knee and foot, indicating that the bipedality practiced at hadar differed from that of modern humans.
Fossil evidence for early hominid tool use.
- R. L. Susman
- Geography, Environmental ScienceScience
- 9 September 1994
A test for humanlike precision grasping (the enhanced ability to manipulate tools) is proposed and applied to australopithecines and early Homo and indicates that tools were likely to have been used by all early hominids at around 2.0 million years ago.
Comparative and functional morphology of hominoid fingers.
- R. L. Susman
- BiologyAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology
- 1 February 1979
Comparisons of hominoid metacarpals and phalanges reveal differences, many of which are closely linked to locomotor hand postures, from hylobatid apes to male gorillas.
Evolution of the Human Foot: Evidence from Plio-Pleistocene Hominids
- R. L. Susman
- BiologyFoot & Ankle
- 1 May 1983
The surprising chimpanzee-like qualities of the Hadar fossils strongly support the use of living apes as models of ancestral pongid-hominid morphotypes.
Hand function and tool behavior in early hominids.
- R. L. Susman
- Biology, GeographyJournal of Human Evolution
- 1 July 1998
This work supports the model of Napier that identified morphological correlates of precision and power grasping in the hands of extant primates and in early hominid hand bones, and questions both the underlying rationale and attempts to identify more subtle aspects of precision grasping, based on present evidence.
Recently identified postcranial remains of Paranthropus and early Homo from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa.
- R. L. Susman, D. D. de Ruiter, C. K. Brain
- BiologyJournal of Human Evolution
- 1 December 2001
A new distal femur, SK 1896 and other bones attributed to Homo cf.
Hand of Paranthropus robustus from Member 1, Swartkrans: fossil evidence for tool behavior.
- R. L. Susman
- Biology, GeographyScience
- 6 May 1988
Functional morphology suggests that Paranthropus could have used tools, possibly for plant procurement and processing, and the new fossils suggest that absence of tool behavior was not responsible for the demise of the "robust" lineage.
Functional and morphological affinities of the subadult hand (O.H. 7) from Olduvai Gorge.
- R. L. Susman, N. Creel
- BiologyAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology
- 1 September 1979
A number of features of the thumb and the distal phalanges suggest that the O.H. 7 individual was capable of more precise manipulation that extant apes.
Functional Morphology of Homo habilis
- R. L. Susman, J. T. Stern
- Environmental Science, GeographyScience
- 3 September 1982
The skeleton represents a mosaic of primitive and derived features, indicating an early hominid which walked bipedally and could fabricate stone tools but also retained the generalized hominoid capacity to climb trees.
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