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Conservation of the hedgehog/patched signaling pathway from flies to mice: induction of a mouse patched gene by Hedgehog.
TLDR
A mouse homolog of ptc is identified which in many tissues is transcribed near cells making either Sonic or Indian hedgehog, and ectopic Sonic hedgehog expression in the mouse central nervous system induces ptc transcription.
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Requirement for math5 in the development of retinal ganglion cells.
TLDR
Targeted deletion of math5 blocks the initial differentiation of 80% of RGCs and results in an increase in differentiated amacrine cells, which implies that math5 is a proneural gene essential for RGC differentiation and that math 5 acts upstream to activate brn-3b-dependent differentiation processes in R GCs.
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Sonic hedgehog differentially regulates expression of GLI and GLI3 during limb development.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that an activated form of GLI can induce expression of Patched, a known target of Sonic hedgehog, thus implicating GLI as a key transcription factor in the vertebrate hedgehog signaling pathway.
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The winged-helix transcription factor FoxD3 is important for establishing the neural crest lineage and repressing melanogenesis in avian embryos.
TLDR
It is suggested that FoxD3 plays two important roles in neural crest development: first, it is involved in the segregation of the neural crest lineage from the neuroepithelium, and second, it represses melanogenesis, thereby allowing other neural crest derivatives to differentiate during the early stages of neural crest patterning.
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Sonic hedgehog is an endodermal signal inducing Bmp-4 and Hox genes during induction and regionalization of the chick hindgut.
TLDR
Using virally mediated misexpression, it is shown that Sonic hedgehog is sufficient to induce ectopic expression of Bmp-4 and specific Hoxd genes within the mesoderm, which appears to act as a signal in an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in the earliest stages of chick hindgut formation.
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Distinct WNT pathways regulating AER formation and dorsoventral polarity in the chick limb bud.
TLDR
Two related Wnt genes elicit distinct responses in the same tissues by using different intracellular pathways that affect the Wnt7a-regulated dorsoventral polarity of the limb.
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Conservation in hedgehog signaling: induction of a chicken patched homolog by Sonic hedgehog in the developing limb.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that induction of Patched requires Sonic hedgehog but, unlike Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Hox genes, does not require Fibroblast Growth Factor as a co-inducer and is therefore a more direct target of Sonic Hedgehog than previously reported patterning genes.
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Spatial regulation of a zebrafish patched homologue reflects the roles of sonic hedgehog and protein kinase A in neural tube and somite patterning.
TLDR
It is shown that expression of patched1 as well as of other sonic hedgehog targets, is regulated by protein kinase A activity, suggesting that the mechanism of signalling by Hedgehog family proteins has been highly conserved during evolution.
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Identification of mutations in the human PATCHED gene in sporadic basal cell carcinomas and in patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome.
TLDR
Results provide further evidence for the crucial role of PTC as a tumor suppressor in human keratinocytes and the most common mutations were frameshifts resulting in premature chain termination.
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Novel regulatory interactions revealed by studies of murine limb pattern in Wnt-7a and En-1 mutants.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that ectopic expression of Wnt-7a in the ventral limb ectoderm of En-1 mutants results in the formation of a second, ventral apical ectodermal ridge (AER) at the junction between Wnt -7a-expressing and nonexpressing ectodms, indicating that distinct genetic mechanisms may be involved in primary and secondary AER formation.
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