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Conceptualizing Willingness to Communicate in a L2: A Situational Model of L2 Confidence and Affiliation
- P. MacIntyre, Z. Dörnyei, R. Clément, K. Noels
- Linguistics
- 1 December 1998
Why do some students seek, while others avoid, second language (L2) communication? Many language teachers have encountered students high in linguistic competence who are unwilling to use their L2 for…
Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self‐Determination Theory
- K. Noels, L. Pelletier, R. Clément, R. Vallerand
- Psychology
- 1 March 2000
The data for this study were collected in my first year of graduate school for a term paper for a course I was taking from Luc Pelletier. When I began graduate school, Luc also started at the…
WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND LANGUAGE-LEARNING ORIENTATIONS OF IMMERSION STUDENTS
- P. MacIntyre, S. Baker, R. Clément, S. Conrod
- EducationStudies in Second Language Acquisition
- 1 September 2001
Willingness to communicate (WTC) has been defined as the intention to initiate communication, given a choice. It was hypothesized that orientations toward language learning as well as social support…
Motivation, self-confidence, and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom
- R. Clément, Z. Dörnyei, K. Noels
- Psychology
- 1 September 1994
Defining the motivational basis of second and foreign language acquisition has been at the center of much research and controversy for many years. The present study applied social psychological…
Second Language Proficiency and Acculturation: An Investigation of the Effects of Language Status and Individual Characteristics
- R. Clément
- Linguistics
- 1 December 1986
The present study investigates the relationship between language status and individual differences in attitudes and motivation as they relate to proficiency and acculturation in a second language.…
Perceptions of Teachers’ Communicative Style and Students’ Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
- K. Noels, R. Clément, L. Pelletier
- Education, Psychology
- 1 March 1999
This study considers how students’ perceptions of their teachers’ communicative style, particularly the extent to which teachers are perceived to support students’ autonomy and to provide useful…
Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language
- R. Clément, S. Baker, P. MacIntyre
- Linguistics
- 1 June 2003
Past research has focused primarily on second language (L2) acquisition as a tool for promoting intercultural communication. The social context model, for example, stresses the importance of contact,…
A Chinese Conceptualisation of Willingness to Communicate in ESL
- W. Wen, R. Clément
- Education
- 1 January 2003
MacIntyre et al.'s (1998) heuristic model of willingness to communicate (WTC) is based on research principally conducted in the western world. The goal of this paper is to amend the WTC model so as…
Sex and Age Effects on Willingness to Communicate, Anxiety, PerCeived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students
- P. MacIntyre, S. Baker, R. Clément, L. Donovan
- Education
- 1 September 2002
The students who participate in immersion education are an impressive group. In the present study we looked at students in a junior high school in Nova Scotia. In the local area, English is far and…
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