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Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan
TLDR
It is reported that hyaluronan degradation products require MyD88 and both Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR2 in vitro and in vivo to initiate inflammatory responses in acute lung injury and epithelial cell apoptosis after lung injury.
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Peripheral Blood Fibrocytes: Differentiation Pathway and Migration to Wound Sites1
TLDR
It is reported herein that ex vivo cultured fibrocytes can differentiate from a CD14+-enriched mononuclear cell population and that this process requires contact with T cells, and it is demonstrated that TGF-β1 (1–10 ng/ml), an important fibrogenic and growth-regulating cytokine involved in wound healing, increases the differentiation and functional activity of cultured fibracytes.
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MIF is a noncognate ligand of CXC chemokine receptors in inflammatory and atherogenic cell recruitment
TLDR
Targeting MIF in individuals with manifest atherosclerosis can potentially be used to treat this condition and displays chemokine-like functions and acts as a major regulator of inflammatory cell recruitment and atherogenesis.
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Circulating Fibrocytes Define a New Leukocyte Subpopulation That Mediates Tissue Repair
TLDR
Blood-borne fibrocytes contribute to scar formation and may play an important role both in normal wound repair and in pathological fibrotic responses.
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MIF Signal Transduction Initiated by Binding to CD74
TLDR
It is reported herein that CD74, a Type II transmembrane protein, is a high-affinity binding protein for MIF, and it is identified as a natural ligand forCD74, which has been implicated previously in signaling and accessory functions for immune cell activation.
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The macrophage is an important and previously unrecognized source of macrophage migration inhibitory factor
TLDR
It is reported that cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are an important source of MIF in vitro and in vivo, and high levels of both preformed MIF protein and MIF mRNA in resting, nonstimulated cells are observed.
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MIF as a glucocorticoid-induced modulator of cytokine production
TLDR
The unexpected finding that low con-centrations of glucocorticoids induce rather than inhibit MIF production from macrophages is reported, identifying a unique counter-regulatory system that functions to control inflammatory and immune responses.
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Circulating fibrocytes: collagen-secreting cells of the peripheral blood.
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CD44 is the signaling component of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 receptor complex.
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Orally absorbed reactive glycation products (glycotoxins): an environmental risk factor in diabetic nephropathy.
TLDR
The renal excretion of orally absorbed AGEs is markedly suppressed in diabetic nephropathy patients, daily influx of dietary A GEs includes glycotoxins that may constitute an added chronic risk for renal-vascular injury in DM, and dietary restriction of AGE food intake may greatly reduce the burden of AAGEs in diabetic patients and possibly improve prognosis.
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