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Probabilistic theories with purification

We investigate general probabilistic theories in which every mixed state has a purification, unique up to reversible channels on the purifying system. We show that the purification principle is…
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Informational derivation of quantum theory

We derive quantum theory from purely informational principles. Five elementary axioms - causality, perfect distinguishability, ideal compression, local distinguishability, and pure conditioning -…
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Theoretical framework for quantum networks

We present a framework to treat quantum networks and all possible transformations thereof, including as special cases all possible manipulations of quantum states, measurements, and channels, such…
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Quantum computations without definite causal structure

It is shown that quantum theory allows for transformations of black boxes that cannot be realized by inserting the input black boxes within a circuit in a pre-defined causal order, and that the quantum version of this transformation-the quantum switch- produces an output circuit where the order of the connections is controlled by a quantum bit, which becomes entangled with the circuit structure.
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Classical randomness in quantum measurements

Similarly to quantum states, also quantum measurements can be ‘mixed’, corresponding to a random choice within an ensemble of measuring apparatuses. Such mixing is equivalent to a sort of hidden…
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Transforming quantum operations: Quantum supermaps

We introduce the concept of quantum supermap, describing the most general transformation that maps an input quantum operation into an output quantum operation. Since quantum operations include as…
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Quantum circuit architecture.

Unexplored quantum processing tasks, such as cloning and storing or retrieving of gates, can be optimized, along with setups for tomography and discrimination or estimation of quantum circuits.
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Derivation of the Dirac Equation from Principles of Information Processing

Without using the relativity principle, we show how the Dirac equation in three space dimensions emerges from the large-scale dynamics of the minimal nontrivial quantum cellular automaton satisfying…
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Optimal quantum learning of a unitary transformation

The problem of the optimal inversion of an unknown unitary evolution is addressed, showing also in this case the optimality of the 'measure-and-rotate' strategies and applying the result to the optimal approximate realignment of reference frames for quantum communication.
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Efficient use of quantum resources for the transmission of a reference frame.

We propose a covariant protocol for transmitting reference frames encoded on N spins, achieving sensitivity N-2 without the need of a preestablished reference frame and without using entanglement…
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