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The phage abortive infection system, ToxIN, functions as a protein–RNA toxin–antitoxin pair
TLDR
It is demonstrated that ToxIN provides viral resistance in a range of bacterial genera against multiple phages, the first demonstration of a novel mechanistic class of TA systems and of an Abi system functioning in differentacterial genera, both with implications for the dynamics of phage-bacterial interactions.
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Degenerate target sites mediate rapid primed CRISPR adaptation
TLDR
It is shown that priming is an extremely robust process capable of using degenerate target regions, with up to 13 mutations throughout the PAM and protospacer region, and implies that even outdated spacers containing many mismatches can induce a rapid primed CRISPR response against diversified or related invaders.
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The biosynthesis and regulation of bacterial prodiginines
TLDR
The physiology and regulation of prodiginine production in Serratia and Streptomyces are now well understood, although the biological role of these pigments in the producer organisms remains unclear, and research into the biology of pigment production will stimulate interest in the bioengineering of strains to synthesize useful prodigInine derivatives.
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A century of the phage: past, present and future
TLDR
A century of phage research is discussed and its impact on basic and applied biology is discussed, from sequencing and genome engineering to the recent discovery and exploitation of CRISPR–Cas phage resistance systems.
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CRISPRDetect: A flexible algorithm to define CRISPR arrays
TLDR
A new approach to automatically detect, predict and interactively refine CRISPR arrays, which enables more accurate detection of arrays and spacers and its gff output is suitable for inclusion in genome annotation pipelines and visualisation.
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Identification and classification of bacterial Type III toxin–antitoxin systems encoded in chromosomal and plasmid genomes
TLDR
This study shows that active Type III toxin–antitoxin systems are far more diverse than previously known, and suggests that more remain to be identified.
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Priming in the Type I-F CRISPR-Cas system triggers strand-independent spacer acquisition, bi-directionally from the primed protospacer
TLDR
Results indicate priming adaptation occurs in different CRISPR-Cas systems, that it can be highly active in wild-type strains and that the underlying mechanisms vary.
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CRISPRTarget: bioinformatic prediction and analysis of crRNA targets.
TLDR
A tool is provided that predicts the most likely targets of CRISPR RNAs and is used to discover targets in newly sequenced genomic or metagenomic data, and features and targets of well-characterized Streptococcus thermophilus and Sulfolobus solfataricus type II and IIICRISPR/Cas systems are discovered.
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A processed noncoding RNA regulates an altruistic bacterial antiviral system
TLDR
The crystal structure of the ToxN–ToxI complex from Pectobacterium atrosepticum is presented, determined to 2.75-Å resolution, and a 2′-3′ cyclic phosphate at the 3′ end of ToxI, and catalytic residues, identifyToxN as an endoRNase that processes Tox I from a repetitive precursor but is regulated by its own catalytic product.
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Inactivation of CRISPR-Cas systems by anti-CRISPR proteins in diverse bacterial species
TLDR
It is proposed that anti-CRISPRs play an influential role in facilitating the movement of DNA between prokaryotes by breaching the barrier imposed by CRISPR-Cas systems.
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