Here, we describe bsrG/SR4, a novel type I toxin-antitoxin system from the SPβ prophage region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. The 294-nucleotide bsrG RNA encodes a 38-amino-acid toxin, whereas… (More)
Type I toxin-antitoxin systems encoded on bacterial chromosomes became the focus of research during the past years. However, little is known in terms of structural requirements, kinetics of… (More)
Toxin-antitoxin loci, which encode a toxic protein alongside with either RNA or a protein able to counteract the toxicity, are widespread among archaea and bacteria. These loci are implicated in… (More)
bsrE/SR5 is a type I TA system from prophage-like element P6 of the B. subtilis chromosome. The 256 nt bsrE RNA encodes a 30 aa toxin. The antitoxin SR5 is a 163 nt antisense RNA. Both genes overlap… (More)
BsrE/SR5 is a new type I toxin/antitoxin system located on the prophage-like region P6 of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. The bsrE gene encoding a 30-amino acid hydrophobic toxin and the antitoxin… (More)
Gene regulation accomplished by alternative folding of an mRNA is a widely used mechanism. Classical examples are the various transcriptional attenuation mechanisms that employ, for example, leader… (More)
Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and consist of a toxin-encoding mRNA and a partially overlapping antisense RNA that blocks expression of the toxin, either at the level… (More)
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci consist of two genes: a stable toxin whose overexpression kills the cell or causes growth stasis and an unstable antitoxin that neutralizes the toxin action. Currently, five… (More)