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Weak pairwise correlations imply strongly correlated network states in a neural population
TLDR
It is shown, in the vertebrate retina, that weak correlations between pairs of neurons coexist with strongly collective behaviour in the responses of ten or more neurons, and it is found that this collective behaviour is described quantitatively by models that capture the observed pairwise correlations but assume no higher-order interactions.
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Adaptation of retinal processing to image contrast and spatial scale
TLDR
It is reported that retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina, adapt to both image contrast—the range of light intensities—and to spatial correlations within the scene, even at constant mean intensity.
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Refractoriness and Neural Precision
TLDR
The underlying free firing rate derived by allowing for the refractory period often exceeded the observed firing rate by an order of magnitude and was found to convey information about the stimulus over a much wider dynamic range.
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Synergy, Redundancy, and Independence in Population Codes
TLDR
This work distinguishes questions about how information is encoded by a population of neurons from how that information can be decoded, and shows that these measures form an interrelated framework for evaluating contributions of signal and noise correlations to the joint information conveyed about the stimulus.
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Anticipation of moving stimuli by the retina
TLDR
It is reported that anticipation of moving stimuli begins in the retina, and it is shown how this anticipation follows from known mechanisms of retinal processing.
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Network information and connected correlations.
TLDR
The information theoretic analog of connected correlation functions is constructed: irreducible N-point correlation is measured by a decrease in entropy for the joint distribution of N variables relative to the maximum entropy allowed by all the observed N-1 variable distributions.
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Selectivity for multiple stimulus features in retinal ganglion cells.
TLDR
This work studied the temporal features represented by salamander retinal ganglion cells by stimulating with dynamic spatially uniform flicker and recording responses using a multi-electrode array, and found that individual ganglions were sensitive to at least two and sometimes as many as six features in the stimulus.
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Searching for Collective Behavior in a Large Network of Sensory Neurons
TLDR
The properties of the neural vocabulary are explored by estimating its entropy, which constrains the population's capacity to represent visual information, and classifying activity patterns into a small set of metastable collective modes, showing that the neural codeword ensembles are extremely inhomogenous.
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Recording spikes from a large fraction of the ganglion cells in a retinal patch
TLDR
Recording and spike sorting techniques are reported that enable us to record from all or nearly all of the ganglion cells in a patch of the retina with a dense multi-electrode array.
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Mapping a Complete Neural Population in the Retina
TLDR
This work shows that the combination of a large, dense multielectrode array and a novel, mostly automated spike-sorting algorithm allowed them to record simultaneously from a highly overlapping population of >200 ganglion cells in the salamander retina, allowing unprecedented access to the complete neural representation of visual information.
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