Intrauterine inflammation is a major risk for offspring neurodevelopmental brain damage and may result in cognitive limitations and poor cognitive and perceptual outcomes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines,… (More)
Isolation and culture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has become an approach to study the milieu and the factors controlling their expansion and differentiation. Traditional conventional cell… (More)
BACKGROUND
We aimed to examine the serum levels of inhibin A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels after… (More)
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a cytokine produced mainly by cells of the immune system. It is also expressed by brain neurons and glia. The physiological role of TNFalpha in the brain is… (More)
Spermatogenesis is a complex process regulated by endocrine and testicular paracrine/autocrine factors. Gonadotropins are involved in the regulation of several testicular paracrine factors, mainly of… (More)
A series of wild-type and mutant raf genes was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and analyzed for transforming activity. Full-length wild-type c-raf did not show transforming activity. Two types of… (More)
Culture and differentiation of male germ cells has been performed for various purposes in the past. To date, none of the studies aimed at in vitro spermatogenesis has resulted in a sufficient number… (More)
Establishment of an in vitro system that allows the development of testicular germ cells to sperm will be valuable for studies of spermatogenesis and future treatments for male infertility. In the… (More)
This review article integrates empirical findings from various scientific disciplines into a proposed psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) model of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our starting point is… (More)
BACKGROUND
Cancerous ovarian tissues contain and produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha). The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms by which autocrine… (More)