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Cell Migration: Integrating Signals from Front to Back
TLDR
The mechanisms underlying the major steps of migration and the signaling pathways that regulate them are described, and recent advances investigating the nature of polarity in migrating cells and the pathways that establish it are outlined.
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A mechanosensory complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress
TLDR
This work investigates the pathway upstream of integrin activation, which is required for the earliest-known events in atherogenesis, and finds that PECAM-1-knockout mice do not activate NF-κB and downstream inflammatory genes in regions of disturbed flow.
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Cell adhesion: integrating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular tension
TLDR
Adhesion formation and disassembly drive the migration cycle by activating Rho GTPases, which in turn regulate actin polymerization and myosin II activity, and therefore adhesion dynamics.
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Measuring mechanical tension across vinculin reveals regulation of focal adhesion dynamics
TLDR
Developing a calibrated biosensor that measures forces across specific proteins in cells with piconewton (pN) sensitivity reveals that FA stabilization under force requires both vinculin recruitment and force transmission, and that, surprisingly, these processes can be controlled independently.
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Activation of Rac and Cdc42 by integrins mediates cell spreading.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that initial integrin-dependent activation of Rac and Cdc42 mediates cell spreading, suggesting that integrins activate at least one of these GTPases.
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Integrins: emerging paradigms of signal transduction.
TLDR
Integrins receive signals from other receptors that lead to activation of ligand binding (inside-out signaling) and matrix assembly and activate intracellular signaling pathways that converse with pathways initiated by soluble ligands to regulate cell functions.
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Mechanotransduction in vascular physiology and atherogenesis
TLDR
This work has highlighted the potential endothelial mechanotransducers that might mediate responses to blood flow, the effects of atheroprotective rather than atherogenic flow,The mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease and how systemic factors interact with flow patterns to cause atherosclerosis.
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Mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis
TLDR
Progress towards understanding the molecular, cellular and tissue-level effects that promote mechanical homeostasis has helped to identify key questions for future research.
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The extracellular matrix as a cell survival factor.
TLDR
The results suggest that in addition to regulating cell growth and differentiation, the ECM also functions as a survival factor for many cell types.
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The small GTP-binding protein Rho regulates a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase in mammalian cells
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