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Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): emerging patterns from the southern end of the world

This paper aims to study the temporal and spatial diversification of colletid bees to better understand the processes that have resulted in the present southern disjunctions.
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Prediction of phylogeographic endemism in an environmentally complex biome

It is suggested that climatic variability through the last 250 kyr impacted the northern and the southern forests differently, and sub-regional differences in climate dynamics will enhance the ability to understand those processes shaping high phylogeographic and species endemism, in the Neotropics and beyond.
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Wild mixed groups of howler species (Alouatta caraya and Alouatta clamitans) and new evidence for their hybridization

Two features of the hybrid morphotypes of the upper Paraná River support their status as true hybrids: the polymorphism of their coloration patterns and the extremely female-biased sex ratio.
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Human-mediated global dispersion of Styela plicata (Tunicata, Ascidiacea).

The results of the present study indicate that commercial shipping could be the main cause for the global distribution of S. plicata, and the northwestern Pacific region is hypothesized as the center of distribution of the species.
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Morphology and histology of the male reproductive system of the mangrove land crab Ucides cordatus (L.) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae)

Production of male gametes was continuous throughout the study period, indicating that males of this species are physiologically capable of reproducing all year long.
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Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil

Seven new species of Brachycephalus are described from the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and can be distinguished from one another based on coloration and the level of rugosity of the skin in different parts of their body.
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Lethargic crab disease: multidisciplinary evidence supports a mycotic etiology.

Phylogenetic analyses not only confirm the diagnosis of the LCD fungus in crab tissues as an ascomycete, but also suggest a close relationship with members of the subphylum Pezizomycotina.
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Postglacial north-south expansion of populations of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) along the Brazilian coast revealed by microsatellite analysis.

The lowest variability observed in the southern populations of the red mangrove most likely reflects their recent age, associated with allelic reduction, resulting from the consecutive founder events that followed subsequent colonization of estuaries during the gradual warming by the end of the last glacial period.
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Nest architecture, activity pattern, worker density and the dynamics of disease transmission in social insects.

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MODE OF TRANSMISSION, HOST SWITCHING, AND ESCAPE FROM THE RED QUEEN BY VIVIPAROUS GYRODACTYLIDS (MONOGENOIDEA)

Results obtained from experiments with C. paleatus and C. schwartzi support the hypothesis that continuous transmission in viviparous gyrodactylids enhances colonization success, probably by allowing initial avoidance of Red Queen dynamics.
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