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A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection.
TLDR
The experimental data is reassessed in the light of a Bayesian model of optimal data selection in inductive hypothesis testing that suggests that reasoning in hypothesis-testing tasks may be rational rather than subject to systematic bias.
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Précis of Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning
TLDR
The case is made that cognition in general, and human everyday reasoning in particular, is best viewed as solving probabilistic, rather than logical, inference problems, and the wider “probabilistic turn” in cognitive science and artificial intelligence is considered.
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The Probability Heuristics Model of Syllogistic Reasoning
TLDR
PHM suggests that syllogistic reasoning performance may be determined by simple but rational informational strategies justified by probability theory rather than by logic.
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Probabilities and polarity biases in conditional inference.
TLDR
A probabilistic computational level model of conditional inference is proposed that can explain polarity biases in conditional inference and three experiments revealed that, consistent with this Probabilistic account, when high-probability categories are used instead of negations, a high- Probability conclusion effect is observed.
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Mood, reasoning, and central executive processes.
How positive induced mood states affect reasoning was investigated in three experiments. In Experiment 1, consistent with resource allocation theory (H. C. Ellis & P. W. Ashbrook, 1987), both…
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The probabilistic approach to human reasoning
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Rationality In An Uncertain World: Essays In The Cognitive Science Of Human Understanding
Part I: problems with logicism autonomy, implementation and cognitive architecture - a reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn connectionism, classical cognitive science, and experimental psychology against…
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The probabilistic mind: prospects for Bayesian cognitive science
This chapter introduces the probabilistic approach to cognition; describes the different levels of explanation at which it can apply; reviewes past work; and considers potential challenges to the…
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The rationality of informal argumentation: a Bayesian approach to reasoning fallacies.
Classical informal reasoning "fallacies," for example, begging the question or arguing from ignorance, while ubiquitous in everyday argumentation, have been subject to little systematic investigation…
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Reasoning with conditionals containing negated constituents.
TLDR
Three experiments investigated matching bias in conditional reasoning tasks and suggested that matching occurs only when insufficient or ambiguous information prevents the intended interpretation of negations.
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