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Metabolic gene polymorphism frequencies in control populations.

Using the International Project on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC) database containing information on over 15,000 control (noncancer) subjects, the allele and genotype frequencies for many of the more commonly studied metabolic genes in the human population were determined.
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Influence of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms on drug therapies: pharmacogenetic, pharmacoepigenetic and clinical aspects.

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Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6): clinical consequences, evolutionary aspects and functional diversity

Predictive CYP2D6 genotyping is estimated by the author to be beneficial for treatment of about 30–40% of CYP 2D6 drug substrates, that is, for about 7–10% of all drugs clinically used, although prospective clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the exact benefit of drug selection and dosage.
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A common novel CYP2C19 gene variant causes ultrarapid drug metabolism relevant for the drug response to proton pump inhibitors and antidepressants

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Dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer: a review of potential mechanisms.

Several molecular mechanisms whereby n-3 fatty acids may modify the carcinogenic process have been proposed, and influences on transcription factor activity, gene expression, and signal transduction pathways; alteration of estrogen metabolism; increased or decreased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species; and mechanisms involving insulin sensitivity and membrane fluidity are proposed.
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Genetic analysis of the Chinese cytochrome P4502D locus: characterization of variant CYP2D6 genes present in subjects with diminished capacity for debrisoquine hydroxylation.

Important interethnic differences exist in the structure of the CYP2D locus, and they suggest that the frequent distribution of the C188-->T mutation among the CYp2D6Ch genes explains the lower capacity among Chinese to metabolize drugs that are substrates of CYP 2D6, such as antidepressants and neuroleptic agents.
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Characterization of primary human hepatocyte spheroids as a model system for drug-induced liver injury, liver function and disease

It is demonstrated that under chronic exposure, the sensitivity of the hepatocytes drastically increased and toxicity of a set of hepatotoxins was detected at clinically relevant concentrations, and the PHH spheroid system constitutes a versatile and promising in vitro system to study liver function, liver diseases, drug targets and long-term DILI.
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Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer

The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are key enzymes in cancer formation and cancer treatment. They mediate the metabolic activation of numerous precarcinogens and participate in the inactivation and…
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Hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 is increased in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

It is concluded that hepatic CYP2E1 is increased in patients with NASH compared with normal livers, suggesting that the pathogenetic mechanisms for NASH may be similar and, like alcoholic steatohepatitis, may involve induction of CYP 2E1.
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Polymorphic human cytochrome P450 enzymes: an opportunity for individualized drug treatment.

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