Adam Gonçalo R. David M. Richard M. Gonçalo R. David R. Auton Abecasis Altshuler Durbin Abecasis Bentley C, A. Auton, Shane A. McCarthy
Biology
Nature
30 September 2015
TLDR
The 1000 Genomes Project set out to provide a comprehensive description of common human genetic variation by applying whole-genome sequencing to a diverse set of individuals from multiple populations, and has reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals from 26 populations using a combination of low-coverage whole-generation sequencing, deep exome sequencing, and dense microarray genotyping.
The pilot phase of the 1000 Genomes Project is presented, designed to develop and compare different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms, and the location, allele frequency and local haplotype structure of approximately 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million short insertions and deletions, and 20,000 structural variants are described.
A first-generation CNV map of the human genome is constructed through the study of 270 individuals from four populations with ancestry in Europe, Africa or Asia, underscoring the importance of CNV in genetic diversity and evolution and the utility of this resource for genetic disease studies.
An approach that generates several billion bases of accurate nucleotide sequence per experiment at low cost is reported, effective for accurate, rapid and economical whole-genome re-sequencing and many other biomedical applications.
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.
It is concluded that the heritability void left by genome-wide association studies will not be accounted for by common CNVs, and 30 loci with CNVs that are candidates for influencing disease susceptibility are identified.
An expanded public resource of genome variants in global populations supports deeper interrogation of genomic variation and its role in human disease, and serves as a step towards a high-resolution map of the landscape of human genetic variation.
To determine the overall contribution of CNVs to complex phenotypes, association analyses of expression levels with SNPs and CNVs in individuals who are part of the International HapMap project show little overlap between the two types of variation.
A map of unbalanced SVs is constructed based on whole genome DNA sequencing data from 185 human genomes, integrating evidence from complementary SV discovery approaches with extensive experimental validations, and serves as a resource for sequencing-based association studies.
This analysis illustrates the autosomal origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes, the stepwise process that led to the progressive loss of recombination between X and Y, and the extent of subsequent degradation of the Y chromosome.