Sequential Processing of Lexical, Grammatical, and Phonological Information Within Broca's Area
Together, these results implicate the extracellular generation of protons, rather than intracellular acidification, as the primary signal that mediates the taste of CO2, and demonstrate that sour cells not only provide the membrane anchor for Car4 but also serve as the cellular sensors for carbonation.
Facial injections of pruritogens or algogens elicit distinct behavior responses in rats and excite overlapping populations of primary sensory and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons.
- A. Klein, M. Carstens, E. Carstens
- BiologyJournal of Neurophysiology
- 1 September 2011
The results suggest that primary and second-order neurons responsive to pruritogens and algogens may utilize a population coding mechanism to distinguish between itch and pain, sensations that are behaviorally manifested by distinct hindlimb scratching and forelimb wiping responses.
Psychophysical and neurobiological evidence that the oral sensation elicited by carbonated water is of chemogenic origin.
- J. Dessirier, C. Simons, M. Carstens, M. O'Mahony, E. Carstens
- BiologyChemical Sensors
- 1 June 2000
The hypothesis that carbonated water activates lingual nociceptors in the oral cavity via conversion of CO(2) to carbonic acid to excite trigeminal neurons involved in signaling oral irritation is supported.
Involvement of TRPV4 in serotonin-evoked scratching
- T. Akiyama, M. Ivanov, E. Carstens
- BiologyJournal of Investigative Dermatology
- 4 October 2015
Results indicate that serotonin-induced itch is linked to TRPV4, a temperature-sensitive cation channel that plays an important role in acute itch in mice.
Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats
- E. Carstens, M. Carstens, C. Simons, S. Jinks
- BiologyNeuroReport
- 10 March 2010
Results indicate that superficial dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors play a key role in spinal itch transmission, and are associated with itch-related scratching behavior.
Differential itch- and pain-related behavioral responses and µ-opoid modulation in mice.
- T. Akiyama, M. Carstens, E. Carstens
- BiologyActa Dermato-Venereologica
- 1 November 2010
The mouse cheek injection model appears to be a useful behavioral test that distinguishes between itch and pain.
Mouse model of touch-evoked itch (alloknesis)
- T. Akiyama, M. Carstens, A. Ikoma, F. Cevikbas, M. Steinhoff, E. Carstens
- BiologyJournal of Investigative Dermatology
- 6 February 2012
In mice with experimental dry skin, there was a time-dependent increase in spontaneous and touch-evoked scratching, and this animal model, which to the authors' knowledge is previously unreported, appears to be useful to investigate neural mechanisms of itch and alloknesis.
Facial injections of pruritogens and algogens excite partly overlapping populations of primary and second-order trigeminal neurons in mice.
- T. Akiyama, M. Carstens, E. Carstens
- BiologyJournal of Neurophysiology
- 1 November 2010
The data indicate that most primary and higher-order trigeminal sensory neurons are activated by both pruritic and algesic stimuli, although a minority exhibit selectivity.
Eugenol and carvacrol induce temporally desensitizing patterns of oral irritation and enhance innocuous warmth and noxious heat sensation on the tongue
- A. Klein, M. Carstens, E. Carstens
- BiologyPain
- 1 October 2013
Neurons in superficial trigeminal subnucleus caudalis responsive to oral cooling, menthol, and other irritant stimuli.
- K. Zanotto, Austin W. Merrill, M. Carstens, E. Carstens
- BiologyJournal of Neurophysiology
- 1 February 2007
The convergent nature of units in superficial Vc receive convergent input from primary afferents that express TRPM8, TRPA1, and/or TRPV1 channels, either directly or indirectly via intersubnuclear pathways suggests a general role in signaling noxious stimuli.
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