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Colloquium : Topological insulators
Topological insulators are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface. These states are possible due to…
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Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface
Recent experiments and theories have suggested that strong spin–orbit coupling effects in certain band insulators can give rise to a new phase of quantum matter, the so-called topological insulator,…
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Random-coil behavior and the dimensions of chemically unfolded proteins.
TLDR
It appears that the mean dimensions of the large majority of chemically denatured proteins are effectively indistinguishable from themean dimensions of a random-coil ensemble.
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A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase
TLDR
The direct observation of massive Dirac particles in the bulk of Bi0.9Sb0.1 is reported, which suggests that the observed surface state on the boundary of the bulk insulator is a realization of the ‘topological metal’, which has potential application in developing next-generation quantum computing devices that may incorporate ‘light-like’ bulk carriers and spin-textured surface currents.
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A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime
TLDR
The results reveal a spin-momentum locked Dirac cone carrying a non-trivial Berry’s phase that is nearly 100 per cent spin-polarized, which exhibits a tunable topological fermion density in the vicinity of the Kramers point and can be driven to the long-sought topological spin transport regime.
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Discovery of a Weyl fermion semimetal and topological Fermi arcs
TLDR
The experimental discovery of a Weyl semimetal, tantalum arsenide (TaAs), using photoemission spectroscopy, which finds that Fermi arcs terminate on the Weyl fermion nodes, consistent with their topological character.
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A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class
TLDR
The results show that in the TaAs-type materials the WeylSemimetal state does not depend on fine-tuning of chemical composition or magnetic order, which opens the door for the experimental realization of Weyl semimetals and Fermi arc surface states in real materials.
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Observation of Topological Nodal Fermion Semimetal Phase in ZrSiS
The search for new topological phases of matter is a major new direction in condensed matter physics. Recent experimental realizations of Dirac and Weyl semimetal phases pave the way to look for…
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Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the chiral nature of these states protects the spin of the carriers, potentially useful for spin-based electronics, in which long spin coherence is critical, and also for quantum computing applications, where topological protection can enable fault-tolerant information processing.
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Observation of a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal phase in high-mobility Cd3As2.
TLDR
The discovery of the Dirac-like bulk topological semimetal phase in Cd3As2 opens the door for exploring higher dimensional spin-orbit Dirac physics in a real material.
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