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Vasoactive peptide release in the extracerebral circulation of humans during migraine headache

A substantial elevation of the calcitonin gene‐related peptide level in the external jugular but not the cubital fossa blood was seen in both classic and common migraine, and may have importance in the pathophysiology of migraine.
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The trigeminovascular system and migraine: Studies characterizing cerebrovascular and neuropeptide changes seen in humans and cats

These data characterize some aspects of the cerebrovascular physiology of the trigeminovascular system and demonstrate important interactions between this system and the effective antimigraine agents sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine and that such interactions can be represented in animal models.
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Cerebral autoregulation.

Autoregulation is lost in severe head injury or acute ischemic stroke, leaving surviving brain tissue unprotected against the potentially harmful effect of blood pressure changes, and may be lost in the surroundings of a space-occupying brain lesion, be it a tumor or a hematoma.
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Neurobiology in primary headaches

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Differential distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor components in the human trigeminal ganglion

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CGRP and its receptors provide new insights into migraine pathophysiology

This Review considers the evidence pointing towards a neuronal mechanism in migraine development, highlighting the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is found in small to medium-sized neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, and examines whether other drugs, such as triptans, might exert their antimigraine effects via their actions on the neuronal circuit as opposed to the intracranial vasculature.
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Release of vasoactive peptides in the extracerebral circulation of humans and the cat during activation of the trigeminovascular system

The observation of elevation of substance P—like and CGRP‐like immunoreactivity after activation of the nociceptive afferent system of the head provides new insights into a putative role of peptides in the pathophysiology of migraine and cluster headache, and suggests new areas of possible therapeutic intervention.
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide: functional role in cerebrovascular regulation.

The cerebrovascular trigeminal neuronal system, in which CGRP is the most potent vasoactive constituent, may participate in a reflex or local response to excessive cerebral vasoconstriction that restores normal vascular diameter.
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Human in vivo evidence for trigeminovascular activation in cluster headache. Neuropeptide changes and effects of acute attacks therapies.

Patients with episodic cluster headache fulfilling the criteria of the International Headache Society were examined during an acute spontaneous attack of headache to determine the local cranial release of neuropeptides to demonstrate in vivo human evidence for activation of the trigeminovascular system and the cranial parasympathetic nervous system.
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CGRP as the target of new migraine therapies — successful translation from bench to clinic

Treatments that target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor are proving effective for migraine treatment, and the hypothesis that CGRP has a major role in migraine pathophysiology is strongly supported.
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