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Distribution of readiness potential, pre-motion positivity, and motor potential of the human cerebral cortex preceding voluntary finger movements
TLDR
Potentials recorded from the scalp of human subjects preceding voluntary finger movements may be devided into 3 components: a slowly increasing surface negative readiness potential, a surface negative motor potential and a pre-motion positivity.
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The Preparation and Execution of Self-Initiated and Externally-Triggered Movement: A Study of Event-Related fMRI
TLDR
Although the level of SMA and cingulate cortex activation did not differ significantly between movement conditions, the timing of the hemodynamic response within the pre-SMA was significantly earlier for self-initiated compared with externally triggered movements, which clearly reflects involvement of the SMA in early processes associated with the preparation for voluntary movement.
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Voluntary finger movement in man: Cerebral potentials and theory
TLDR
Three different brain potentials preceeding voluntary rapid finger flexion can be recorded from the skull surface by time reversed averaging, one of which is bilateral and widespread (Bereitschaftspotential), the other two are unilateral and restricted to the contralateral motor cortex.
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Neuromagnetic fields accompanying unilateral and bilateral voluntary movements: topography and analysis of cortical sources.
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[CHANGES IN THE BRAIN POTENTIAL IN VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS AND PASSIVE MOVEMENTS IN MAN: READINESS POTENTIAL AND REAFFERENT POTENTIALS].
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Neuroimage of Voluntary Movement: Topography of the Bereitschaftspotential, a 64-Channel DC Current Source Density Study
TLDR
It is suggested that SMA and anterior cingulate cortex contribute to theCurrent sink, the fronto-central midline, and that the primary motor cortex (MI) contributes to the current sink in the scalp area, which is located above MI and closely posterior to it.
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Bereitschaftspotential as an indicator of movement preparation in supplementary motor area and motor cortex.
  • L. Deecke
  • Biology, Psychology
    Ciba Foundation symposium
  • 1987
TLDR
The recording of movement-related potentials associated with manual hand-tracking and motor learning points to the SMA and frontal cortex having an important role in these functions, including the initiation of voluntary movement.
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High resolution spatiotemporal analysis of the contingent negative variation in simple or complex motor tasks and a non-motor task
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The preparation and readiness for voluntary movement: a high-field event-related fMRI study of the Bereitschafts-BOLD response
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Supplementary Motor Area Activation Preceding Voluntary Movement Is Detectable with a Whole-Scalp Magnetoencephalography System
TLDR
With a whole-head MEG system, it was possible for the first time to detect SMA activity in healthy subjects with MEG.
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