The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective… (More)
Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 1 (Birc1) proteins have homology to several germline-encoded receptors of the innate immune system. However, their function in immune surveillance… (More)
Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as JAs, regulate diverse physiological processes in plants, including the response to wounding. Recent reports suggest that a… (More)
The colonization of land by plants was a key event in the evolution of life. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the filamentous terrestrial alga Klebsormidium flaccidum (Division Charophyta,… (More)
OBJECTIVE
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to postnatal angiogenesis. The number of circulating EPCs has an inverse correlation with coronary risk scores. However, the… (More)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
2009
Mutations in the Nod2 gene are among the strongest genetic risk factors in the pathogenesis of ileal Crohn's disease, but the exact contributions of Nod2 to intestinal mucosal homeostasis are not… (More)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
2007
The biogenesis of thylakoid membranes, an indispensable event for the photoautotrophic growth of plants, requires a significant increase in the level of the unique thylakoid membrane lipid… (More)
The immune system must discriminate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes in order to initiate an appropriate response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microbial components common to both… (More)
Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme, siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range of biological… (More)
Members of the synaptotagmin family have been proposed to function as Ca2+ sensors in membrane fusion. Syt VII is a ubiquitously expressed synaptotagmin previously implicated in plasma membrane… (More)