Toll-like receptor signalling
Rapid progress that has recently improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate TLR signalling is reviewed.
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
- H. Hemmi, O. Takeuchi, S. Akira
- BiologyNature
- 7 December 2000
It is shown that cellular response to CpG DNA is mediated by a Toll-like receptor, TLR9, and vertebrate immune systems appear to have evolved a specific Toll- like receptor that distinguishes bacterial DNA from self-DNA.
Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
Evidence is accumulating that the signaling pathways associated with each TLR are not identical and may, therefore, result in different biological responses.
Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.
Toll-like receptors-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders, and the involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed.
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
- I. Ivanov, K. Atarashi, D. Littman
- Biology, MedicineCell
- 30 October 2009
Role of Adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-Independent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Masahiro Yamamoto, Shintaro Sato, S. Akira
- BiologyScience
- 1 August 2003
It is shown that TRIF is essential for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways facilitating mammalian antiviral host defense and complete loss of nuclear factor kappa B activation in response toTLR4 stimulation is demonstrated.
Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product.
- K. Hoshino, O. Takeuchi, S. Akira
- BiologyJournal of Immunology
- 1 April 1999
It is demonstrated that TLR4 is the gene product that regulates LPS response, and a single point mutation of the amino acid that is highly conserved among the IL-1/Toll receptor family is found.
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