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No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons

A policy of not making adjustments for multiple comparisons is preferable because it will lead to fewer errors of interpretation when the data under evaluation are not random numbers but actual observations on nature.
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Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations

Misinterpretation and abuse of statistical tests, confidence intervals, and statistical power have been decried for decades, yet remain rampant. A key problem is that there are no interpretations of…
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Modern Epidemiology 3rd edition

Variable selection for propensity score models.

The authors present the results of two simulation studies designed to help epidemiologists gain insight into the variable selection problem in a PS analysis, which suggest that standard model-building tools designed to create good predictive models of the exposure will not always lead to optimal PS models, particularly in small studies.
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Epidemiology: An Introduction

This chapter discusses epidemiologic thinking in clinical settings, the role of statistics, and methods for controlling Confounding by Stratifying Data.

Causation and causal inference in epidemiology.

Causal inference in epidemiology is better viewed as an exercise in measurement of an effect rather than as a criterion-guided process for deciding whether an effect is present or not.
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Concepts of interaction.

It is proposed that synergy (or its negative counterpart, antagonism) between two or more causes of disease ought to be evaluated in reference to a specific yardstick, with effect defined as excess risk.
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BMI-related errors in the measurement of obesity

  • K. Rothman
  • Medicine
    International Journal of Obesity
  • 11 August 2008
The use of BMI as a measure of obesity can introduce misclassification problems that may result in important bias in estimating the effects related to obesity.
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The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio

This paper reviews the problem with the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and shows how the corresponding odds ratio represents an improvement over the PRR.
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Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects.

We examined the relation of multivitamin intake in general, and folic acid in particular, to the risk of neural tube defects in a cohort of 23,491 women undergoing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein…
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