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Cl− uptake promoting depolarizing GABA actions in immature rat neocortical neurones is mediated by NKCC1
TLDR
The data suggest that NKCC1 may play a pivotal role in the generation of GABA‐mediated depolarization in immature CP cells, while KCC2 promotes the later maturation of GABAergic inhibition in the rat neocortex.
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GABAergic Depolarization of the Axon Initial Segment in Cortical Principal Neurons Is Caused by the Na–K–2Cl Cotransporter NKCC1
TLDR
A robust axo-somato-dendritic gradient is found in which the E GABA values from the AIS to the soma and dendrites become progressively more negative, and it is demonstrated that spatially distinct interneuronal inputs can induce postsynaptic voltage responses with different amplitudes and polarities as governed by the subcellular distributions of plasmalemmal chloride transporters.
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Transgenic expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein enables direct visualization for physiological studies of vasopressin neurons and isolated nerve terminals of the rat.
TLDR
The transgenic rats expressing an arginine vasopressin (AVP)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion gene are a unique new tool with which to study the physiological role of AVP-secreting neurons in the central nervous system and the dynamics of the regulation of A VP secretion in the living neurons and their axon terminals.
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Malfunction of Respiratory-Related Neuronal Activity in Na+, K+-ATPase α2 Subunit-Deficient Mice Is Attributable to Abnormal Cl- Homeostasis in Brainstem Neurons
TLDR
A model for functional coupling between the Na+, K+-ATPase α2 subunit and KCC2, which excludes Cl- from the cytosol in respiratory center neurons is proposed.
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The cation‐chloride cotransporter NKCC1 promotes sharp waves in the neonatal rat hippocampus
TLDR
It is shown that bumetanide completely and reversibly blocks SPWs in the neonate rat hippocampus in vivo and indicates that NKCC1 expressed in CA3 pyramidal neurons promotes network activity in the developing hippocampus, strengthening the view that GDPs and early SPWs are homologous events.
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Taurine Inhibits K+-Cl− Cotransporter KCC2 to Regulate Embryonic Cl− Homeostasis via With-no-lysine (WNK) Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway*
TLDR
In vitro studies revealed that taurine increased KCC2 inactivation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, which may contribute to embryonic neuronal Cl− homeostasis, which is required for normal brain development.
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Induction of NMDA and GABAA receptor-mediated Ca2+ oscillations with KCC2 mRNA downregulation in injured facial motoneurons.
TLDR
In axotomized neurons KCC2 downregulation impairs Cl(-) homeostasis and makes GABA act depolarizing, resulting in endogenous GABA inducing [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations via facilitation of NMDA-receptor activation, which may play a role in neural survival and regeneration.
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Kinetic Properties of Cl− Uptake Mediated by Na+-Dependent K+-2Cl− Cotransport in Immature Rat Neocortical Neurons
TLDR
It is demonstrated that NKCC1 is abundant in CR cells of immature rat neocortex and that the slow Cl− uptake mediated by this transporter is sufficient to maintain high [Cl−]i required to render GABA responses excitatory.
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Synaptically activated Cl- accumulation responsible for depolarizing GABAergic responses in mature hippocampal neurons.
TLDR
It is shown that the amplitude of synaptically induced depolarizing response was correlated with intracellular Cl- accumulation in the soma of mature hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, by using whole cell patch-clamp recording and Cl- imaging technique with a Cl- indicator 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide (MEQ).
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Compensatory Enhancement of Intrinsic Spiking upon NKCC1 Disruption in Neonatal Hippocampus
TLDR
It is shown that genetic as well as pharmacologically induced loss of NKCC1-dependent excitatory actions of GABA results in a dramatic compensatory increase in the intrinsic excitability of glutamatergic neurons, pointing to powerful homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity in the developing hippocampal circuitry.
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