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Muscle creatine loading in men.
TLDR
A rapid way to "creatine load" human skeletal muscle is to ingest 20 g of creatine for 6 days, which can be maintained by ingestion of 2 g/day thereafter, and the ingestion of 3 g creatine/day is in the long term likely to be as effective at raising tissue levels as this higher dose.
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Chronic Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Activation of Epididymally Derived White Adipocyte Cultures Reveals a Population of Thermogenically Competent, UCP1-containing Adipocytes…
TLDR
It is reported here that chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone promotes not only the expression of PGC-1α and mitochondriogenesis in these cells but also a norepinephrine-augmentable UCP1 gene expression in a significant subset of the cells, providing these cells with a genuine thermogenic capacity.
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Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males
TLDR
The efficacy of a high intensity exercise protocol, involving only ~250 kcal of work each week, to substantially improve insulin action in young sedentary subjects is remarkable and can be used as a strategy to reduce metabolic risk factors in young and middle aged sedentary populations who otherwise would not adhere to time consuming traditional aerobic exercise regimes.
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High responders to resistance exercise training demonstrate differential regulation of skeletal muscle microRNA expression.
TLDR
It is reported, for the first time, that RT-induced hypertrophy in human skeletal muscle is associated with selected changes in miRNA abundance and the analysis indicates that miRNAs may play a role in the phenotypic change and pronounced intergroup variation in the RT response.
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Recruited vs. nonrecruited molecular signatures of brown, "brite," and white adipose tissues.
TLDR
The effect of physiologically induced recruitment of thermogenic function (cold acclimation) on the expression pattern of the genes was quantified; in general, the depot pattern dominated over the recruitment effects.
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Myogenic gene expression signature establishes that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages
TLDR
The interlinkage between the myocyte and the brown preadipocyte confirms the distinct origin for brown versus white adipose tissue and also represents a plausible explanation as to why brown adipocytes ultimately specialize in lipid catabolism rather than storage, much like oxidative skeletal muscle tissue.
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Muscle acetyl group availability is a major determinant of oxygen deficit in humans during submaximal exercise.
TLDR
It would appear that in humans acetyl group availability is a major determinant of the rate of increase in mitochondrial respiration at the onset of exercise and hence the oxygen deficit.
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Is irisin a human exercise gene?
TLDR
It is demonstrated that muscle FNDC5 induction occurs only in a minority of subjects—whereas all types of exercise training programmes yield some gain in cardiovascular or metabolic health, in the analysis of ∼200 subjects muscle F NDC5 was increased only in highly active elderly subjects, whereas FNDc5 expression was unrelated to metabolic status, which casts doubt over the general relevance of skeletal muscle FndC5 to human health.
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Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans.
TLDR
Combining RNA profiling with single-gene DNA marker association analysis yields a strongly validated molecular predictor with meaningful explanatory power for VO2max responses to endurance training.
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Integration of microRNA changes in vivo identifies novel molecular features of muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes
TLDR
It would appear that miRNAs can produce marked changes in target protein abundance in vivo by working in a combinatorial manner, and miRNA detection represents a new molecular biomarker strategy for insulin resistance, where micrograms of patient material is needed to monitor efficacy during drug or life-style interventions.
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