Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle are used to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.
Redfield ratios of remineralization determined by nutrient data analysis
- L. A. Anderson, J. Sarmiento
- Environmental Science
- 1 March 1994
A nonlinear inverse method is applied to nutrient data upon approximately 20 neutral surfaces in each of the South Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific basins, between 400 and 4000 m depth. By accounting…
Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
- Corinne Le Quéré, M. Raupach, F. Woodward
- Environmental Science
- 1 December 2009
Efforts to control climate change require the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This can only be achieved through a drastic reduction of global CO2 emissions. Yet fossil fuel emissions…
Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity
- M. Behrenfeld, R. O’Malley, E. Boss
- Environmental ScienceNature
- 7 December 2006
Global ocean NPP changes detected from space over the past decade are described, dominated by an initial increase in NPP of 1,930 teragrams of carbon a year, followed by a prolonged decrease averaging 190 Tg C yr-1.
Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean
- C. Deutsch, J. Sarmiento, D. Sigman, N. Gruber, J. Dunne
- Environmental ScienceNature
- 11 January 2007
It is concluded that oceanic nitrogen fixation is closely tied to the generation of nitrogen-deficient waters in denitrification zones, supporting the view that nitrogen fixation stabilizes the oceanic inventory of fixed nitrogen over time.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean
- U. Siegenthaler, J. Sarmiento
- Environmental ScienceNature
- 1 September 1993
The ocean is a significant sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide, taking up about a third of the emissions arising from fossil-fuel use and tropical deforestation. Increases in the atmospheric carbon…
An improved method for detecting anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans
- N. Gruber, J. Sarmiento, T. Stocker
- Environmental Science
- 1 December 1996
An improved method has been developed for the separation of the anthropogenic CO 2 from the large natural background variability of dissolved inorganic carbon (C) in the ocean. This technique employs…
Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models
An uptake of CO2 in the southern extratropical ocean less than that estimated from ocean measurements is found, a result that is not sensitive to transport models or methodological approaches, and carbon fluxes integrated over latitudinal zones are strongly constrained by observations in the middle to high latitudes.
High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity
- J. Sarmiento, N. Gruber, M. Brzezinski, J. Dunne
- Environmental ScienceNature
- 2004
The ocean's biological pump strips nutrients out of the surface waters and exports them into the thermocline and deep waters. If there were no return path of nutrients from deep waters, the…
Consistent Land- and Atmosphere-Based U.S. Carbon Sink Estimates
Land- and atmosphere-based estimates of the carbon sink in the coterminous United States for 1980–89 are consistent, within the large ranges of uncertainty for both methods, indicating a relatively stable U.S. sink throughout the period.
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