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Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones
- J. M. Howie
- Mathematics
- 27 February 1976
1. Introduction 2. Formant frequencies of the vowels 3. Fundamental frequency of the tones 4. Summary and proposals for further work Selected bibliography Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C.
On the Domain of Tone in Mandarin
- J. M. Howie
- Psychology
- 1 July 1974
Measurements of the fundamental frequency of 136 Mandarin citation syllables have yielded average curves for the four distinctive tones in nine types of syllable. It appears that the basic contours of
The vowels and tones of Mandarin Chinese : acoustical measurements and experiments
- J. M. Howie
- Psychology
- 1971
- 12
Some Experiments on the Perception of Mandarin Tones
- J. M. Howie, A. Rigault, R. Charbonneau
- Psychology
- 31 January 1972
Anti-uniform semilattices
- J. M. Howie, B. Schein
- Mathematics
- 1 August 1969
An inverse semigroup which is a union of groups is called Cliffordian. A semilattice E is called universally Cliffordian if every inverse semigroup having E as semilattice of idempotents is… Expand
Acoustical Measurements of Distinctive Vowel Quantity in Malayalam
- S. Velayudhan, J. M. Howie
- Mathematics
- 1 January 1974
The physical nature of distinctive length in Malayalam vowels has been investigated by means of sound spectrograms made of two informants' speech. Measurements of short and long vowels, in isolation… Expand