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Climate Change 2021—The Physical Science Basis

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the United Nations body responsible for assessing the science related to climate change. The Sixth Report from IPCC Working Group 1 published…
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Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica

The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial–interglacial cycles.…
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Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record

RECENT results1,2 from two ice cores drilled in central Greenland have revealed large, abrupt climate changes of at least regional extent during the late stages of the last glaciation, suggesting…
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Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice

OXYGEN isotope measurements in Greenland ice demonstrate that a series of rapid warm-cold oscillations—called Dansgaard–Oeschger events—punctuated the last glaciation1. Here we present records of sea…
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Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores

RECENT results1,2 from the Greenland Ice-core Project (GRIP) Summit ice core suggest that the climate in Greenland has been remarkably stable during the Holocene, but was extremely unstable for the…
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High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present

It is found that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v.
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Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years

It is suggested that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records.
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Global Climatic Interpretation of the Deuterium-Oxygen 18 Relationship

A theoretical model is derived to account for the deuterium-oxygen 18 relationship measured in meteoric waters. A steady state regime is assumed for the evaporation of water at the ocean surface and…
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Solar irradiance during the last 1200 years based on cosmogenic nuclides

Based on a quantitative study of the common fluctuations of 14C and 10Be production rates, we have derived a time series of the solar magnetic variability over the last 1200 years. This record is…
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Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period

A central issue in climate dynamics is to understand how the Northern and Southern hemispheres are coupled during climate events. The strongest of the fast temperature changes observed in Greenland…
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