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Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal.

TLDR
Observer and subject ratings of the DSM-III symptoms of craving for tobacco, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and restlessness increased after cessation, and bradycardia, impatience, somatic complaints, insomnia, increased hunger, and increased eating occurred after cessation.
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Effects of abstinence from tobacco: valid symptoms and time course.

  • J. Hughes
  • Psychology
    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of…
  • 1 March 2007
TLDR
No major changes are suggested for DSM-IV criteria for tobacco/nicotine withdrawal, but some deletions are recommended for ICD-10 criteria and the time course of tobacco abstinence symptoms are defined.
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Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: issues and recommendations.

A workgroup formed by the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco reviewed the literature on abstinence measures used in trials of smoking cessation interventions. We recommend that trials…
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Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers.

TLDR
The relapse curve and rate of long-term prolonged abstinence among smokers who try to quit without treatment are described and more reports of relapse curves of self-quitters are needed.
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Antidepressants for smoking cessation.

TLDR
Some antidepressants (bupropion and nortriptyline) can aid smoking cessation, but it is not clear whether these effects are specific for individual drugs, or a class effect.
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Antidepressants for smoking cessation.

TLDR
There is insufficient evidence that adding bupropion or nortriptyline to nicotine replacement therapy provides an additional long-term benefit, and the antidepressants buPropion and nortriptYline appear to be equally effective and of similar efficacy to Nicotine replacement therapy.
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Tobacco withdrawal in self-quitters.

  • J. Hughes
  • Psychology
    Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
  • 1 October 1992
TLDR
Postcessation depression, but not withdrawal symptoms, craving, or weight gain, predicted relapse, and these results are consistent with prior studies.
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Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients.

The prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients (N = 277) was significantly higher than among either local or national population-based samples (N = 1,440 and 17,000) (52% versus 30% and…
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The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal.

TLDR
A withdrawal pattern was observed for aggression, anger, anxiety, decreased appetite, decreased body weight, irritability, restlessness, shakiness, sleep problems, and stomach pain that likely contribute to the development of dependence and difficulty stopping use.
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Caffeine drug discrimination in humans: acquisition, specificity and correlation with self-reports.

TLDR
The results suggest that a caffeine (320 mg/70 kg)-placebo discrimination can be acquired and maintained, is related to self-reported drug effects if the training conditions are correctly identified and has some pharmacological specificity.
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