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Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018
TLDR
An updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential aspects of the process is proposed, and the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes are discussed.
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Identification of distinct nanoparticles and subsets of extracellular vesicles by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation
TLDR
It is shown that AF4 can serve as an improved analytical tool for isolating extracellular vesicles and addressing the complexities of heterogeneous nanoparticle subpopulations, and three nanoparticle subsets demonstrated diverse organ biodistribution patterns, suggesting distinct biological functions.
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Tumorigenic and Immunosuppressive Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancer
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ER Stress Sensor XBP1 Controls Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Dendritic Cell Homeostasis
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Ovarian cancer progression is controlled by phenotypic changes in dendritic cells
TLDR
Dendritic cells are transformed to become immunosuppressive during ovarian cancer progression and these cells act as ‘spatially aggregating regulators’ to halt or reverse the progression of ovarian cancer.
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress signals in the tumour and its microenvironment
TLDR
How ER stress can influence not only the pro-tumoural features of cancer cells but also reprogramme the function of innate and adaptive immune cells, creating vulnerabilities that could be targeted by emerging therapeutic strategies is discussed.
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BH3‐only proteins are part of a regulatory network that control the sustained signalling of the unfolded protein response sensor IRE1α
TLDR
It is concluded that a subset of BCL‐2 family members participates in a new UPR‐regulatory network, thus assuming apoptosis‐unrelated functions.
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IL-21 induces antiviral microRNA-29 in CD4 T cells to limit HIV-1 infection
TLDR
A novel antiviral IL-21-miR-29 axis that promotes CD4 T-cell-intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection is revealed and a role for interleukin-21 in initial HIV- 1 control in vivo is suggested.
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IRE1α-XBP1 controls T cell function in ovarian cancer by regulating mitochondrial activity
TLDR
Ov ovarian cancer—an aggressive malignancy that is refractory to standard treatments and current immunotherapies—induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the IRE1α–XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response in T cells to control their mitochondrial respiration and anti-tumour function.
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Depletion of dendritic cells delays ovarian cancer progression by boosting antitumor immunity.
TLDR
This work shows that CD11c(+)DEC205(+) DCs coexpressing alpha-smooth muscle actin and VE-cadherin home to perivascular areas in the ovarian cancer microenvironment and are required for the maintenance of tumor vasculature.
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