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Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene
TLDR
It is shown that by ∼164’kyr ago (±12 kyr) at Pinnacle Point (on the south coast of South Africa) humans expanded their diet to include marine resources, perhaps as a response to these harsh environmental conditions.
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Emergence of Modern Human Behavior: Middle Stone Age Engravings from South Africa
TLDR
Two abstract representations engraved on pieces of red ochre recovered from the Middle Stone Age layers at Blombos Cave in South Africa support the emergence of modern human behavior in Africa at least 35,000 years before the start of the Upper Paleolithic.
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Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa : Preliminary report on the 1992-1999 excavations of the Middle Stone Age levels
The Later- and Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave (BBC) were excavated over four field seasons between 1992 and 1999. Here we report on the results from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) levels. The…
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Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa.
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The pigments from Pinnacle Point Cave 13B, Western Cape, South Africa.
  • Ian Watts
  • Psychology
    Journal of human evolution
  • 1 September 2010
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Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa: Ritualised Display or Hide Preservative?
Symbolic and utilitarian interpretations have been proposedfor red ochre use in the African Middle Stone Age, but these have rarely been developed. . This paper reviews the hypotheses, recasts them…
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The Human Symbolic Revolution: A Darwinian Account
By 50,000 years ago, the effects of a ‘symbolic explosion’ — an efflorescence of human art, song, dance and ritual — were rippling across the globe. Applied to archaeological evidence, standard…
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Early Evidence for Brilliant Ritualized Display: Specularite Use in the Northern Cape (South Africa) between ∼500 and ∼300 Ka
Earth pigments figure prominently in debates about signal evolution among later Homo. Most archaeologists consider such behavior to postdate ~300 Ka. To evaluate claims for Fauresmith and Acheulean…
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The Woman With the Zebra's Penis: Gender, Mutability and Performance
Dans certaines cultures africaines de chasseurs-cueilleurs (les Khoisan et les Hadza), les relations entre hommes et femmes sont apparemment fondees sur une categorisation mutable et paradoxale des…
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Early color symbolism
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