It is suggested that the brainstem plays a pivotal role in gating the degree of nociceptive transmission so that the resultant pain experienced is appropriate for the particular situation of the individual.Expand
Doppler ultrasound suggests that a component of low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations is mediated by CO(2)-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is a source of physiological noise and a potentially important confounding factor in fMRI paradigms that modify breathing.Expand
There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19.Expand
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy humans was applied to dissociate neural activation patterns associated with acute pain and its anticipation to find sites within the medial frontal lobe, insular cortex, and cerebellum distinct from, but close to, locations mediating pain experience itself.Expand
Functional MRI was used to elucidate the underlying neural systems and mechanisms involved in reduced pain perception and showed brain areas associated with the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal regions showed increased activation when subjects were distracted during painful stimulation.Expand
High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to define brain activation to painful heat stimulation applied to the hand of nine normal subjects within the periaqueductal gray region, providing direct evidence supporting the notion that the perianal gray is a site for higher cortical control of pain modulation in humans.Expand
The contribution of attention, expectation and reappraisal are discussed as three basic mechanisms that are important for the cognitive modulation of pain.Expand
This finding suggests that accurate preparatory information during medical and dental procedures alleviates pain by disengaging the hippocampus, and supports the proposal that during anxiety, the hippocampal formation amplifies aversive events to prime behavioral responses that are adaptive to the worst possible outcome.Expand
Understanding the mutually inhibitory effects that pain and reward processing have on each other, and the neural mechanisms that underpin such modulation, is important for alleviating unnecessary suffering and improving well-being.Expand
A new physiological noise model (PNM) based on retrospective image correction (RETROICOR), which uses independent physiological measurements taken from the subject to model sources of noise, was defined and improved obtained when using a PNM in estimating spinal cord activation.Expand