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Total evidence: molecules, morphology, and the phylogenetics of cichlid fishes.
TLDR
The authors' analyses confirm the placement of Malagasy/Indian cichlids as the most basal lineages, with a sister-group relationship to the monophyletic African and Neotropical clades, and total evidence suggests that the controversial African genus Heterochromis is at the base of the African radiation.
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Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys
TLDR
Genetic data is used to test whether Miocene or Plio‐Pleistocene processes may explain capuchin species’ present distributions, and to consider three possible scenarios to explain widespread sympatry.
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Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of the Family Cichlidae: Monophyly and Fast Molecular Evolution of the Neotropical Assemblage
TLDR
The cichlid phylogeny suggests drift-vicariance events, consistent with the fragmentation of Gondwana, to explain current biogeographic distributions and relative rate tests suggest that Neotropical cICHlids have experienced accelerated rates of molecular evolution.
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High levels of genetic variability and panmixia of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) in the main channel of the Amazon River
TLDR
It is suggested that the tambaqui forms a panmictic population along the Solimoes-Amazon River channel and are in agreement with species-typical behaviour of semi-migratory movements driven by dispersal for feeding and reproduction during its life cycle.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence
TLDR
Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, a new genus level taxonomy for titi monkeys is proposed: Cheracebus n.
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The Cytochrome b Gene as a Phylogenetic Marker: The Limits of Resolution for Analyzing Relationships Among Cichlid Fishes
TLDR
Despite some limitations of cyt-b as a phylogenetic marker, this gene either alone or in combination with other data sets yields a tree that is in agreement with the well-established phylogeny of cichlid fish.
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Population genetic structuring of the king weakfish, Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), in Atlantic coastal waters of South America: deep genetic divergence without morphological change
TLDR
Throughout its range M. ancylodon inhabits the same, or very similar niche; thus, stabilizing selection probably promotes the retention of highly conserved morphology despite deep genetic divergence at the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b.
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Spatial and temporal patterns of diversification on the Amazon: A test of the riverine hypothesis for all diurnal primates of Rio Negro and Rio Branco in Brazil.
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A New Species of River Dolphin from Brazil or: How Little Do We Know Our Biodiversity
TLDR
The discovery of a new species of a river dolphin from the Araguaia River basin of Brazil, the first such discovery in nearly 100 years, is reported, which is diagnosable by a series of molecular and morphological characters and diverged from its Amazonian sister taxon 2.08 million years ago.
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Population genetic analysis of Arapaima gigas, one of the largest freshwater fishes of the Amazon basin: implications for its conservation
TLDR
If strategically placed biological reserves were created throughout the Amazon basin to act as sources of emigrants within a source–sink metapopulation model, it is believed locally depleted populations can be re‐populated and maintained by individuals immigrating from these reserves.
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