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Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists
TLDR
This article extensively discusses two dimensionless (and thus standardised) classes of effect size statistics: d statistics (standardised mean difference) and r statistics (correlation coefficient), because these can be calculated from almost all study designs and also because their calculations are essential for meta‐analysis.
View on Wiley
Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research
TLDR
Most of the papers surveyed did not report using randomisation or blinding to reduce bias in animal selection and outcome assessment, consistent with reviews of many research areas, including clinical studies, published in recent years.
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Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours
TLDR
This work examines the advantages of coloured oil droplets, UV vision and tetrachromacy for discriminating a diverse set of avian plumage spectra under natural illumination and finds that Discriminability is enhanced both by tetrACHromacy and coloured oil Droplets.
View on Springer
Visual pigments, oil droplets, ocular media and cone photoreceptor distribution in two species of passerine bird: the blue tit (Parus caeruleus L.) and the blackbird (Turdus merula L.)
TLDR
The spectral absorption characteristics of the retinal photoreceptors of the blue tit and blackbird were investigated using microspectrophotometry, raising the possibility that the precise λmax of the long-wavelength-sensitive visual pigment is optimised for the visual function of the double cones.
View on Springer
Using digital photography to study animal coloration
TLDR
These guidelines include how to linearize the camera's response to changes in light intensity, equalize the different colour channels to obtain reflectance information, and produce a mapping from camera colour space to that of another colour space (such as photon catches for the cone types of a specific animal species).
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Plumage Reflectance and the Objective Assessment of Avian Sexual Dichromatism
TLDR
This study revealed previously unnoticed sex differences in plumage coloration and the nature of iridescent and noniridescent sex differences, which has important implications for classifications of animals as mono‐ or dimorphic and for taxonomic and conservation purposes.
View on U Chicago Press
The ecological costs of avian fat storage.
TLDR
Although the evidence that fat storage is costly is convincing, key empirical data are lacking and the sorts of data which need to be gathered are indicated and ways in which this might be done are suggested.
View on PubMed
Improving Bioscience Research Reporting: The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research †
TLDR
A wealth of evidence shows that across many areas, the reporting of biomedical research is often inadequate, leading to the view that even if the science is sound, in many cases the publications themselves are not “fit for purpose”.
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The analysis of fluctuating asymmetry
View on Elsevier
Disruptive coloration and background pattern matching
TLDR
Two key predictions that patterns on the body's outline should be particularly effective in promoting concealment and that highly contrasting colours should enhance this disruptive effect are tested.
View on Nature
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